ASP.NET MVC使用Identity增删改查用户

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2023-06-04
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标签   ASP.NET

源码在这里：https://github.com/darrenji/UseIdentityCRUDUserInMVC

在VS2013中创建一个MVC项目，用默认的"无身份验证"作为身份验证机制。

通过控制台下载Bootstrap。

Install-Package -version 3.0.3 bootstrap

下载成功后，在解决方案下的Content和Scripts多了该版本的css和js文件。

把创建项目默认HomeController中的所有Action以及/Views/Home下的所有视图删除。

热热身

先来做一个简单练习。

在HomeController中的Index方法中，把一个字典传递给视图。

    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            Dictionary<string, object> data = new Dictionary<string, object>();
            data.Add("placeholder", "placeholder");
            return View(data);
        }
    }

_Layout.cshtml设置如下：

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>ASP.NET Identity实战</title>
    <link href="~/Content/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="~/Content/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet" />
    <style>
        .container {padding-top:10px;}
        .validation-summary-errors{color:red;}
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    
    <div class="container">
        @RenderBody()
    </div>
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap")
    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>

Home/Index.cshtml视图中：

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<div class="panel panel-primary">
    <div class="panel-heading">用户明细</div>
    <table class="table table-striped">
        @foreach (string key in Model.Keys)
        {
            <tr>
                <th>@key</th>
                <td>@Model[key]</td>
            </tr>
        }
    </table>
</div>

前期准备

分别安装如下组件。

Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework –Version 2.0.0
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.OWIN -Version 2.0.0
Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb -Version 2.1.0

配置Web.config如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
  有关如何配置 ASP.NET 应用程序的详细信息，请访问
  http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301880
  -->
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
  </configSections>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="IdentityDb" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Data Source=(localdb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=IdentityDb;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=15;Encrypt=False;TrustServerCertificate=False;MultipleActiveResultSets=True"/>
</connectionStrings>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="owin:AppStartup" value="WebApplication4.IdentityConfig" />
  </appSettings>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
  </system.web>
  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.0.0.0" newVersion="5.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.5.2.14234" newVersion="1.5.2.14234" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" />
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>

以上，

  • 增加了connectionStrings节点，将自动创建localdb数据库
  • 在appSettings节点中增加了一个key为owin:AppStartup项，这是确保OWIN运行正常的全局配置

在Models文件夹下创建如下类。

    public class AppUser : IdentityUser
    {
    }

在解决方案下创建Infrastructure文件夹。

在Infrastructure文件夹下创建一个上下文类，需要实现IdentityDbContext<>接口。

   public class AppIdentityDbContext : IdentityDbContext<AppUser>
    {
        public AppIdentityDbContext()
            : base("IdentityDb")
        {
        }
        static AppIdentityDbContext()
        {
            //使用EF Code First第一次创建的时候调用
            Database.SetInitializer<AppIdentityDbContext>(new IdentityDbInit());
        }
        public static AppIdentityDbContext Create()
        {
            return new AppIdentityDbContext();
        }
    }
    //初始化
    public class IdentityDbInit : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<AppIdentityDbContext>
    {
        protected override void Seed(AppIdentityDbContext context)
        {
            PerformInitialSetup(context);
            base.Seed(context);
        }
        //初始化工作
        public void PerformInitialSetup(AppIdentityDbContext context)
        { }
    }

在Infrastructure文件夹下创建一个管理用户的类，需要继承UserManager<AppUser>类。

还记得，先前在appSettings节点中配置了一个如下方式：

<add key="owin:AppStartup" value="WebApplication4.IdentityConfig" />

OWIN需要一个全局启动文件，默认会到项目的顶级命名空间下找IdentityConfig这个类。

那就在App_Start中创建IdentityConfig这个类，这个类在WebApplication4这个命名空间下。

namespace WebApplication4
{
    public class IdentityConfig
    {
        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppIdentityDbContext>(AppIdentityDbContext.Create);
            app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppUserManager>(AppUserManager.Create);
            app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions { 
                AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
                LoginPath = new Microsoft.Owin.PathString("/Account/Login")
            });
        }
    }
}

显示用户

创建AdminController，现在可以向视图传递所有的用户了，编写如下：

    public class AdminController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(UserManager.Users);
        }
        private AppUserManager UserManager
        {
            get
            {
                return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();
            }
        }
    }

再创建Admin/Index.cshtml类型为IEnumerable<AppUser>的强类型视图。

@model IEnumerable<WebApplication4.Models.AppUser>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<div class="panel panel-primary">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        所有用户账户
    </div>
    <table class="table table-striped">
        <tr><th>ID</th><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th></th></tr>
        @if (Model.Count() == 0)
        {
            <tr><td colspan="4" class="text-center">还没有创建用户</td></tr>
        }
        else
        {
            foreach (WebApplication4.Models.AppUser user in Model)
            {
                <tr>
                    <td>@user.Id</td>
                    <td>@user.UserName</td>
                    <td>@user.Email</td>
                    <td>
                        @using (Html.BeginForm("Delete", "Admin",
                            new { id = user.Id }))
                        {
                            @Html.ActionLink("编辑", "Edit", new { id = user.Id },
                                    new { @class = "btn btn-primary btn-xs" })
                            <button class="btn btn-danger btn-xs"
                                    type="submit">
                                删除
                            </button>
                        }
                    </td>
                </tr>
            }
        }
    </table>
</div>
@Html.ActionLink("创建用户", "Create", null, new { @class = "btn btn-primary" })

创建用户

在Models文件夹下创建一个视图模型。

namespace WebApplication4.Models
{
    public class CreateModel
    {
        public string Id { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string Email { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string Password { get; set; }
    }
}

在AdminController中添加创建用户相关的方法。

   public class AdminController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(UserManager.Users);
        }
        //创建显示
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            return View();
        }
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<ActionResult> Create(CreateModel model)
        {
            if(ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                var user = new AppUser{UserName = model.Name, Email = model.Email};
                IdentityResult result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password);
                if(result.Succeeded)
                {
                    return RedirectToAction("Index");
                }else{
                    AddErrorsFromResult(result);
                }
            }
            return View(model);
        }
        //创建接收
        private void AddErrorsFromResult(IdentityResult result)
        {
            foreach(var error in result.Errors)
            {
                ModelState.AddModelError("", error);
            }
        }
        private AppUserManager UserManager
        {
            get
            {
                return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();
            }
        }
    }

在Admin/Create.cshtml视图页中：

@model WebApplication4.Models.CreateModel
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Create";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<h2>Create</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm()) 
{
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    
    <div class="form-horizontal">
        <h4>创建用户</h4>
        <hr />
        @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Password, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Password)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Password)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                <input type="submit" value="创建用户" class="btn btn-default" />
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
}
<div>
    @Html.ActionLink("返回", "Index")
</div>

点击"创建"按钮，创建成功返回显示用户页面。

oh, my god,只是配置了一下就有数据了？ 数据在哪呢？

点击左上角的"服务器资源管理器"，右键"IdentityDb"，点击"刷新"。

再打开AspNetUsers表，刚创建的用户赫然在列。

好像还有点欠缺，用户输入密码的时候，总应该有些限制吧。

能想到的，ASP.NET Identity都为我们准备好了。有一个PasswordValidator类就是干这个的。

在Infrastructure文件夹中创建一个PasswordValidator类的继承子类。

namespace WebApplication4.Infrastructure
{
    public class CustomPasswordValidator : PasswordValidator
    {
        public override async Task<IdentityResult> ValidateAsync(string pass)
        {
            IdentityResult result = await base.ValidateAsync(pass);
            if (pass.Contains("12345"))
            {
                var errors = result.Errors.ToList();
                errors.Add("密码中包含太多连续数字");
                result = new IdentityResult(errors);
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
}

然后需要把这个规则告诉UserManager。

namespace WebApplication4.Infrastructure
{
    public class AppUserManager : UserManager<AppUser>
    {
        public AppUserManager(IUserStore<AppUser> store) : base(store) { }
        public static AppUserManager Create(IdentityFactoryOptions<AppUserManager> options, IOwinContext context)
        {
            //identity ef上下文
            AppIdentityDbContext db = context.Get<AppIdentityDbContext>();
            //与identity ef相关的UserStore
            IUserStore<AppUser> us = new UserStore<AppUser>(db);
            AppUserManager manager = new AppUserManager(us);
            //密码相关
            manager.PasswordValidator = new CustomPasswordValidator { 
                RequiredLength = 6,
                RequireNonLetterOrDigit = false,
                RequireDigit = false,
                RequireLowercase = true,
                RequireUppercase = true
            };
            return manager;
        }
    }
}

再次运行程序，创建用户页面，尝试输入不通过的密码。

不过，关于密码的规则，似乎可以在View Model的验证层面就可以解决掉。

编辑和删除用户

在AdminController中增加编辑和删除的部分。

    public class AdminController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(UserManager.Users);
        }
        //创建显示
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            return View();
        }
        //创建接收
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<ActionResult> Create(CreateModel model)
        {
            if(ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                var user = new AppUser{UserName = model.Name, Email = model.Email};
                IdentityResult result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password);
                if(result.Succeeded)
                {
                    return RedirectToAction("Index");
                }else{
                    AddErrorsFromResult(result);
                }
            }
            return View(model);
        }
        //编辑显示
        public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(string id)
        {
            AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
            
            if(User != null)
            {
                CreateModel createModel = new CreateModel();
                createModel.Id = user.Id;
                createModel.Email = user.Email;
                createModel.Name = user.UserName;
                createModel.Password = user.PasswordHash;
                return View(createModel);
            }
            else
            {
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }
        }
        //接收编辑
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(CreateModel createModel)
        {
            
            if(ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(createModel.Id);
                if (user != null)
                {
                    //关于邮箱
                    user.Email = createModel.Email;
                    IdentityResult validEmail = await UserManager.UserValidator.ValidateAsync(user);
                    if (!validEmail.Succeeded)
                    {
                        AddErrorsFromResult(validEmail);
                    }
                    user.UserName = createModel.Name;
                    //关于密码
                    IdentityResult validPass = null;
                    if (createModel.Password != string.Empty)
                    {
                        validPass = await UserManager.PasswordValidator.ValidateAsync(createModel.Password);
                        if (validPass.Succeeded)
                        {
                            user.PasswordHash = UserManager.PasswordHasher.HashPassword(createModel.Password);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            AddErrorsFromResult(validPass);
                        }
                    }
                    user.Email = createModel.Email;
                    //验证结果
                    if ((validEmail.Succeeded && validPass == null) || (validEmail.Succeeded
    && createModel.Password != string.Empty && validPass.Succeeded))
                    {
                        IdentityResult result = await UserManager.UpdateAsync(user);
                        if (result.Succeeded)
                        {
                            return RedirectToAction("Index");
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            AddErrorsFromResult(result);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        ModelState.AddModelError("", "无此用户");
                    }
                }
                return View(createModel);
            }
            else
            {
                return View(createModel);
            }
            
        }
        //删除
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<ActionResult> Delete(string id)
        {
            AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
            if(user != null)
            {
                IdentityResult result = await UserManager.DeleteAsync(user);
                if(result.Succeeded)
                {
                    return RedirectToAction("Index");
                }
                else
                {
                    return View("Error", result.Errors);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                return View("Error", new string[] { "没有此用户" });
            }
        }
        private void AddErrorsFromResult(IdentityResult result)
        {
            foreach(var error in result.Errors)
            {
                ModelState.AddModelError("", error);
            }
        }
        private AppUserManager UserManager
        {
            get
            {
                return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();
            }
        }
    }

Admin/Edit.cshtml视图。

@model WebApplication4.Models.CreateModel
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Edit";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<h2>Edit</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    
    <div class="form-horizontal">
        <hr />
        @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
        @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id)
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Password, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Password)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Password)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                <input type="submit" value="保存" class="btn btn-default" />
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
}
<div>
    @Html.ActionLink("返回", "Index")
</div>

另外，如果删除失败，跳转到Shared/Error.cshtml视图页。

@model IEnumerable<string>
@{ ViewBag.Title = "Error";}
<div class="alert alert-danger">
    @switch (Model.Count())
    {
        case 0:
            @: Something went wrong. Please try again
            break;
        case 1:
        @Model.First();
                          break;
        default:
        @: 发现如下错误:
        <ul>
            @foreach (string error in Model)
            {
                <li>@error</li>
            }
        </ul>
            break;
    }
</div>
@Html.ActionLink("确定", "Index", null, new { @class = "btn btn-default" })

至此，使用ASP.NET Identy实现对用户的增删改查完毕，ASP.NET Identity真的很好很强大！

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