一、说明
1. 业务场景
- 直播源是rtsp或rtmp等,播放端不支持直接播放rtsp(如网页播放)
- 源视频带宽和负载有限,不支持很多用户访问
- 客户端点播
2. 流程
- 使用ffmpeg从节目源拉流
- 推流到nginx-rtmp/flv服务
- 客户端从nginx服务器拉流观看视频
3. 本文工具
- ffmpeg
- nginx
- VLC(用来测试拉流)
以下两个模块选择一个安装:
- nginx-http-flv-module
- nginx-rtmp-module
其实nginx flv也是基于nginx-rtmp-module的流媒体服务器。
功能对比:
功能
nginx-http-flv-modulenginx-rtmp-module备注HTTP-FLV (播放)√x支持HTTPS-FLV和chunked回复GOP缓存√x虚拟主机√x省略listen配置√见备注配置中必须有一个listen纯音频支持√见备注wait_video或wait_key开启后无法工作定时打印访问记录√xJSON风格的stat√x
二、FFMPEG 的安装
1. Ubuntu环境
(1) apt-get安装
# 可通过PPA进行安装
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kirillshkrogalev/ffmpeg-next
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
# 查看是否安装成功:
ffmpeg -version
(2) 编译安装
sudo apt-get install -y autoconf automake build-essential git libass-dev libfreetype6-dev libsdl2-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libtheora-dev libtool libva-dev libvdpau-dev libvorbis-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev pkg-config texinfo wget zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install -y nasam yasm cmake mercurial
./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr/local/ffmpeg --disable-x86asm
sudo make
sudo make install
在 /etc/ld.so.conf中,末尾添加 /usr/local/ffmpeg/lib,执行sudo ldconfig
为 ffmpeg 加入环境变量
vi /etc/profile
加入以下内容:
export PATH="/usr/local/ffmpeg/bin:$PATH"
然后保存并运行source /etc/profile
2. CentOS7(支持nVidia硬件解码)
硬件环境:nVidia 20602块
(1) 安装nVidia驱动
(A) yum方式安装nVidia驱动
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm yum install yum-plugin-fastestmirror sudo vim /lib/modprobe.d/dist-blacklist.conf
dist-blacklist.conf
#blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
mv /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img.bak
dracut /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r)
lspci | grep nouveau
没有输出,说明屏蔽默认带有的nouveau成功。
一些命令:
sudo yum install nvidia-detect nvidia显卡检测
nvidia-detect -v 检测结果
# yum -y install kmod-nvidia 安装显卡驱动 这一步应该不需要
(B) run脚本方式安装nVidia驱动
参考:https://github.com/keylase/nvidia-patch
cd /opt/nvidia
wget https://international.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/430.40/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-430.40.run
chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-430.40.run
./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-430.40.run --kernel-source-path=/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64
# 下面是移除NVENC同时运行最大数量的限制 restriction on maximum number of simultaneous NVENC
git clone https://github.com/keylase/nvidia-patch
cd nvidia-patch
bash ./patch.sh
如果需要卸载,使用命令:
./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-430.40.run --uninstall
(2) 安装Cuda
参考
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel7/x86_64/cuda-rhel7.repo sudo yum clean all sudo yum -y install nvidia-driver-latest-dkms cuda nvidia-smi
(3) 编译ffmpeg的准备工作
(i) 库说明
- x264 编码H.264视频,编译参数–enable-gpl --enable-libx264
- fdk-aac 编码AAC音频,编译参数–enable-libfdk-aac
- libvpx VP8/VP9视频编码器,编译参数–enable-libvpx
- libvorbis 编码Vorbis音频,需要libogg。编译参数–enable-libvorbis
- libopus 编码Opus音频。
- LAME 编码MP3音频,编译参数–enable-libmp3lame
- libass 字幕渲染器,编译参数–enable-libass
(ii) 下载路径
mkdir ~/ffmpeg_sources
(iii) 配置库
yasm
cd ~/ffmpeg_sources
curl -L -O http://www.tortall.net/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz
tar xvzf yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz
cd yasm-1.3.0
./configure --prefix=”/usr”
make
sudo make install
nasm
curl -L -O http://www.nasm.us/pub/nasm/releasebuilds/2.14.02/nasm-2.14.02.tar.xz
tar xf nasm-2.14.02.tar.xz
cd nasm-2.14.02
./configure --prefix=”/usr”
make
sudo make install
libfdk-aac
git clone --depth 1 git://git.code.sf.net/p/opencore-amr/fdk-aac
cd fdk-aac
sudo autoreconf -fiv
./configure --prefix="/usr" --disable-shared
make
sudo make install
lame
curl -L -O http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/lame/lame/3.99/lame-3.99.5.tar.gz
tar xzvf lame-3.99.5.tar.gz
cd lame-3.99.5
./configure --prefix="/usr" --disable-shared --enable-nasm
make
sudo make install
libopus
curl -L -O https://archive.mozilla.org/pub/opus/opus-1.2.tar.gz
tar xvzf opus-1.2.tar.gz
cd opus-1.2
./configure --prefix="/usr" --disable-shared
make
sudo make install
libogg
curl -L -O http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/ogg/libogg-1.3.2.tar.gz
tar xzvf libogg-1.3.2.tar.gz
cd libogg-1.3.2
./configure --prefix="/usr" --disable-shared
make
sudo make install
libvorbis
curl -L -O http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/vorbis/libvorbis-1.3.4.tar.gz
tar xzvf libvorbis-1.3.4.tar.gz
cd libvorbis-1.3.4
./configure --prefix="/usr" --with-ogg="/usr" --disable-shared
make
sudo make install
libtheora
git clone git://git.xiph.org/mirrors/theora.git theora-git
cd theora-git
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr --disable-examples --disable-shared --disable-sdltest --disable-vorbistest && make && make install
libx265
sudo yum install hg cmake
hg clone http://hg.videolan.org/x265
cd x265/build/linux
sudo cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="/usr" -DENABLE_SHARED:bool=off ../../source
make
sudo make install
vim /usr/lib/pkgconfig/x265.pc
加上:在Libs.private: -lstdc++ -lm -lrt -ldl后面加上-lpthread
x264
curl -L -O http://download.videolan.org/pub/x264/snapshots/last_x264.tar.bz2
tar xjvf last_x264.tar.bz2
cd x264-snapshot-20170625-2245/
./configure --prefix="/usr" --enable-static
make
sudo make install
disable-gpl
./configure --prefix="/usr" --enable-static --disable-gpl --disable-opencl
make
sudo make install
安装ffnvcodec
git clone https://git.videolan.org/git/ffmpeg/nv-codec-headers.git
cd nv-codec-headers
make && sudo make install
libvpx
VP8/VP9 video encoder.
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx.git
cd libvpx
./configure --prefix="/usr" --disable-examples --disable-unit-tests --as=yasm
make
sudo make install
https
wget http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/openssl/source/old/1.0.2/openssl-1.0.2k.tar.gz
tar -xvf openssl-1.0.2k.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.0.2k
make clean
./config shared --prefix="/usr"
make -j32 && make install
(4) 配置ffmpeg, 编译安装
(i) 下载
git clone https://git.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.git
git clone https://github.com/libav/libav
(ii) 配置
PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib/pkgconfig"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
cd ffmpeg
./configure --prefix="/usr" --pkg-config-flags="--static" --enable-gpl --enable-libfdk-aac --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libxvid --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-nonfree --extra-cflags="-I/usr/local/cuda/include/" --extra-ldflags=-L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 --disable-shared --enable-nvenc --enable-cuda --enable-cuvid --enable-libnpp --enable-pthreads --enable-openssl
我实际编译去掉了–enable-libfdk-aac enable-libxvid
(iii) 编译
make -j 10
(iv) 安装
make install
(5) 使用示例
ffmpeg -hwaccel cuvid -c:v h264_cuvid -i "rtsp://admin:adminpassword@ip:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0&unicast=true&proto=Onvif" -c:v h264_nvenc -an -preset slow -tune film -f flv rtmp://rtmpip:port/live/v_test```
三、nginx的rtmp/flv模块安装
1. CentOS7环境
(1) 安装nginx-http-flv-module模块
A. 通过nginx.conf
yum install https://extras.getpagespeed.com/release-el$(rpm -E %{rhel})-latest.rpm
yum install nginx-module-flv
- 安装完毕后,HTTP-FLV功能的配置文件http-flv.conf和RTMP功能的配置文件rtmp.conf会被放在/etc/nginx/http-flv目录下
- 通过include手工将它们添加到/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,以开启HTTP-FLV和RTMP功能:
http {
...
include /etc/nginx/http-flv/http-flv.conf;
}
include /etc/nginx/http-flv/rtmp.conf;
# 添加以下配置到/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,启动或者重启NGINX来启用本模块:
load_module modules/ngx_http_flv_live_module.so;
# 注意
# 上述的配置必须位于events配置项之前,否则NGINX不能启动。
# 更新可以通过yum update来完成。关于其他NGINX模块的详情见GetPageSpeed。
B. 源码编译安装
cd root
git clone https://github.com/winshining/nginx-http-flv-module
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.8.1
./configure --add-module=/root/nginx-http-flv-module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
(2) 安装 nginx-rtmp-module
# 下载nginx-rtmp-module
git clone https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module.git
# 编译安装nginx
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.8.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --add-module=../nginx-rtmp-module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
# 设置nginx
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx.conf内容
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 809;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
rtmp {
out_queue 4096;
out_cork 8;
max_streams 4096;
server {
listen 90;
drop_idle_publisher 30s;
application live {
live on;
}
}
}
# 启动nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 如果要卸载
# 如果有自启动,则删除 Nginx 的自启动
chkconfig nginx off
服务 nginx 信息读取出错:没有那个文件或目录
# 查找nginx的安装目录
whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/local/nginx
# 停止nginx服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
# 删除安装目录
rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/
# 查找是否还有残余的
find / -name nginx
/usr/local/lib64/nginx-1.15.7/objs/nginx
rm -rf /usr/local/lib64/nginx-1.15.7/
2. windows环境安装nginx-rtmp
(1) 下载
官方的nginx不带rtmp模块,在下面地址可下载windows版本的nginx+rtmp:
https://github.com/illuspas/nginx-rtmp-win32
使用:nginx-rtmp-win32-1.2.1.zip
(2) 配置文件
nginx.conf
worker_processes 1; error_log logs/error.log debug; events { worker_connections 1024; } rtmp_auto_push on; rtmp_auto_push_reconnect 1s; rtmp_socket_dir /tmp; rtmp { out_queue 4096; out_cork 8; max_streams 4096; server { listen 90; drop_idle_publisher 30s; application live { live on; } } } http { server { listen 80; location / { root html; } location /stat { rtmp_stat all; rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl; } location /stat.xsl { root html; } } }
/tmp需要有可写权限。
上面示例中的推流/拉流地址
http://ip:90/live/test
四、测试
# 推流测试
ffmpeg -hwaccel cuvid -c:v h264_cuvid -i "视频资源源地址" -c:v h264_nvenc -an -crf 20 -b:a 96k -b:v 2048k -preset medium -tune animation -vf scale_npp=1024:-1 -f flv rtmp://ip:90/live/test
# 拉流测试
使用VLC Media Player打开网址: rtmp://ip:90/live/test