Django 之Form表单的常用操作

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2023-02-12
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标签   Django

普通Form表单的提交

<!-- name:index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/" method="post">
        <p>账号:<input type="text" name="username"><span>{{ error.username }}</span></p>
        <p>密码:<input type="password" name="password"><span>{{ error.password }}</span></p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交请求">
    </form>
</body>
</html>
# name: views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

def index(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,"index.html")
    else:
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        error = {"username":"","password":""}
        if len(username) > 10:
            error["username"]="用户名不能大于10"
        if len(password) < 5:
            error["password"] = "密码不能小于5"
        return render(request,"index.html",{"error":error})

Form实现登录表单

<!--name:index.html-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/" method="post" novalidate>
        <p>账号: {{ form.username }} {{ form.username.errors.0 }}</p>
        <p>密码: {{ form.password }} {{ form.errors.password }}</p>
        <p>重复: {{ form.RepeatPass }} {{ form.errors.RepeatPass }}</p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>
# name:views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.forms import Form,fields,widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

class LoginForm(Form):
    username = fields.CharField(
        required = True,
        max_length = 10,
        error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},
        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder":"请输入用户名","class":"form-control"})
    )
    password = fields.CharField(
        required = True,
        max_length=10,
        error_messages={"required":"密码字段不能为空","min_length":"密码最小长度为5"},
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"placeholder":"请输入密码","class":"form-control"})
    )
    RepeatPass = fields.CharField(
        required=True,
        max_length=10,
        error_messages={"required":"密码字段不能为空","min_length":"密码最小长度为5"},
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"placeholder":"重复输入密码","class":"form-control"})
    )

    # 自定义方法（局部钩子）密码必须包含字母和数字
    def clean_password(self):
        if self.cleaned_data.get("password").isdigit() or self.cleaned_data.get("password").isalpha():
            raise ValidationError("密码必须包含数字和字母")
        else:
            return self.cleaned_data["password"]
    # 自定义方法（全局钩子, 检验两个字段），检验两次密码是否一致
    def clean_RepeatPass(self):
        if self.cleaned_data.get("password") != self.cleaned_data.get("RepeatPass"):
            raise ValidationError("两次输入密码不正确")
        else:
            return self.cleaned_data

def index(request):
    if request.method =="GET":
        form = LoginForm()
        return render(request, "index.html", {"form": form})
    else:
        form = LoginForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # username = form.data['username']
            data = form.cleaned_data
            username = data.get("username")
            password = data.get("password")
            print(username,password)
            return render(request, "index.html", {"form": form})
    return render(request, "index.html", {"form": form})

其他常用Form表单

<!--name: index.html-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/" method="post">
        {% for field in form %}
            <p>{{ field.label_tag }} {{ field }} {{ field.errors.0 }}</p>
        {% endfor %}
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>
# name: views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.forms import Form,fields,widgets

class MyForm(Form):
    hobby = fields.ChoiceField(
        label="单选框:",
        required=True,
        initial=1,                # 默认选择1号
        choices=( (1,"篮球"),(2,"足球"),(3,"乒乓球"),(4,"滚球")),
        widget=widgets.RadioSelect()
    )
    select = fields.ChoiceField(
        label="单选框(默认):",
        required=True,
        initial=1,
        choices=( (1,"篮球"),(2,"足球"),(3,"乒乓球"),(4,"滚球")),
        widget=widgets.Select()
    )
    multiple = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
        label="复选框",
        choices=((1, "篮球"), (2, "足球"), (3, "羽毛球"), (4, "排球")),
        initial=[2, 4],
        widget=widgets.SelectMultiple()
    )
    checkbox = fields.ChoiceField(
        label="单项复选框",
        initial="checked",  # 默认为勾选
        widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
    )
    multselect = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
        label="多项复选框",
        choices=((1, "篮球"), (2, "足球"), (3, "羽毛球"), (4, "排球")),
        initial=[1, 3],
        widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple()
    )
    data = fields.DateField(
        label="选择日期",
        widget = widgets.DateInput(attrs={"type":"date"})
    )
def index(request):
    if request.method=="GET":
        form = MyForm()
        return render(request,"index.html",{"form":form})
    else:
        form = MyForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            data = form.cleaned_data
            print(data.get("hobby"))
    return HttpResponse("hello lyshark")

Form实现用户注册

<!--name: index.html-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <form action="/" method="post">
            <p>{{ form.username.label }} {{ form.username }}</p>
            <p>{{ form.password.label }} {{ form.password }}</p>
            <p>{{ form.mobile.label }} {{ form.mobile }} </p>
            <p>{{ form.email.label }} {{ form.email }} </p>
            <p>{{ form.text }} </p>
            <p><input type="submit" value="提交请求"></p>
        </form>
    </div>
</body>
</html>
# name: models.py
from django.db import models

class User(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=64)
    text = models.CharField(max_length=128)
# name: views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from MyWeb import models
from django.forms import Form,fields,widgets
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

class UserForm(Form):
    username = fields.CharField(
        label = "账号: ",          # 给表单加一个标签
        required = True,           # 不允许字段为空值
        min_length=4,              # 设置最小长度
        max_length = 10,           # 设置最大长度
        validators=[ RegexValidator(r'^[0-9a-zA-Z]+$',"用户账号只能使用,0-9a-z") ],
        error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空","invalid":"无效的用户名",
                        "min_length":"最小长度为5","max_length":"最大长度为10"},
        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder":"请输入用户名","class":"form-control"})
    )
    password = fields.CharField(
        label = "密码: ",
        required = True,
        min_length=5,
        max_length=10,
        error_messages={"required":"密码字段不能为空","min_length":"密码最小长度为5"},
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"placeholder":"请输入密码","class":"form-control"})
    )
    mobile = fields.CharField(
        label = "手机: ",
        required=True,
        validators=[RegexValidator('[0-9]', "手机号必须是数字")],
        error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},
        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder": "手机号","class": "form-control"})
    )
    email = fields.EmailField(
        label="邮箱: ",
        required=True,
        error_messages={"required":"邮箱不能为空！！","invalid":"无效的邮箱"},
        widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={"placeholder": "邮箱", "class": "form-control"})
    )
    text = fields.CharField(
        required=True,
        widget=widgets.Textarea(attrs={"placeholder": "畅言,欢迎留言...", "class": "form-control",
                                       "style":"margin: 0px; width: 203px; height: 98px;"})
    )

def index(request):
    if request.method =="GET":
        form = UserForm()
        return render(request, "index.html", {"form": form})
    else:
        form = UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # username = form.data['username']
            data = form.cleaned_data
            username = data.get("username")

            is_exits = models.User.objects.filter(username="admin").count()
            if is_exits != 0:
                return HttpResponse("您注册的用户已存在")
            else:
                models.User.objects.create(**data)
                return HttpResponse("恭喜您的账号注册完成了")
        else:
            return render(request, "index.html", {"form": form.errors})
    return render(request, "index.html", {"form": form})

实现用户验证

index.html

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<form action="/" method="post">
    <p> {{ form.email }}</p>
    <p> {{ form.code }} <a id="fetch_code" class="fetch-code" href="javascript:void(0);">获取验证码</a></p>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>


<script type="text/javascript">
    $("#fetch_code").click(function(){
        var email = $("#email").val();        // 获取到用户邮箱
        if(email.trim().length != 0)
        {
            $("#fetch_code").empty();
            $("#fetch_code").text("发送成功");
            $.ajax({
                url:"/send_msg/",
                type:"POST",
                data:{email:email},
                dataType:"json",
                success:function(recv){
                }
            })
        }
    })

</script>

models.py

from django.db import models

class SendMsg(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    code = models.CharField(max_length=6)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=32, db_index=True)
    count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    times = models.IntegerField(default=0)

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.core.mail import send_mail, send_mass_mail, EmailMultiAlternatives
import re,time,random
from MyWeb import models

def SendMail(rand,user):
    title = "本次注册验证码是: {} 十分钟以内有效.".format(rand)
    ret = send_mail("Django 邮件通知",title,"smtpwho@163.com",[user])
    if ret:
        return 1
    return 0
def send_msg(request):
    if request.method=="POST":
        email = request.POST.get("email")
        ret = re.match(r'^[0-9a-zA-Z\_\-]+(\.[0-9a-zA-Z\_\-]+)*@[0-9a-zA-Z]+(\.[0-9a-zA-Z]+){1,}$', email)
        if ret == None:
            print("不合法")
        else:
            ret = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(email=email).count()
            if ret == 1:
                print("你的邮箱已经注册了,请换一个..")
            else:
                ret = models.SendMsg.objects.filter(email=email).count()    # 查询出如果存在sendmsg表里,则不能让其注册
                if ret !=0:
                    print("等待超时,暂时不嫩注册..")
                    times = int(time.time())
                    if times >=models.SendMsg.objects.filter(email=email).values("times"):
                        print(times)
                    else:
                        print("时间还没到")

                else:
                    rand = random.randint(10000,20000)
                    if SendMail(rand,email):
                        times = int(time.time()+60)  # 一分钟只能注册一次
                        models.SendMsg.objects.create(email=email,code=rand,times=times)
    return render(request,"reg.html")

def reg(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        email = request.POST.get("email")
        code = request.POST.get("code")
        ret = models.SendMsg.objects.filter(email=email).values("email","code")[0]
        if ret['email']==email and ret['code']==code:
            print("正确了")
            username = request.POST.get("username")
            password = request.POST.get("password")
            ret = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).count()
            if ret == 0:
                # 等于0说明没有这个用户,可以注册
                models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=username,password=password,email=email)
                print("注册完成了")
            else:
                print("这个账号重复了,请换一个...")
        else:
            print("验证码错误")
    return render(request, "reg.html")

urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from MyWeb import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path("reg/",views.reg),
    path("send_msg/",views.send_msg)
]

settings.py

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
EMAIL_USER_TLS = True
EMAIL_PORT = 25
EMAIL_HOST = "smtp.163.com"
EMAIL_HOST_USER = "smtpwho@163.com"
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = "123456789"
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