C# 静态与动态数组

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2023-02-14
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C#中的数组是由System.Array类衍生出来的引用对象，因此可以使用Array类中的各种方法对数组进行各种操作。

一维数组:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 定义一维数组
            int[] IntArray = new int[10] {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};

            // 定义一维字符串数组
            string[] StrArray = new string[3];

            StrArray[0] = "abc" ;
            StrArray[1] = "abc";

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

删除元素(一维数组):

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 定义一维数组
            int[] IntArray = new int[10] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };

            // 遍历数组
            foreach (int num in IntArray)
                Console.WriteLine(num);
            Console.ReadLine();

            // 通过循环删除第三个元素
            int Del_Num = 2;
            for (int x = Del_Num; x < IntArray.Length - Del_Num; x++)
            {
                IntArray[x] = IntArray[x - 1];
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

寻找最大最小值:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 定义一维数组
            int[] Array = new int[10] { 57, 32, 78, 96, 33, 11, 78, 3, 78, 2 };

            // 声明两个变量用来存储最大值和最小值
            int min = int.MaxValue;
            int max = int.MinValue;
            int sum = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < Array.Length; i++)
            {
                if (Array[i] > max)
                    max = Array[i];

                if (Array[i] < min)
                    min = Array[i];

                sum += Array[i];
            }
            Console.WriteLine("最大值: {0} 最小值: {1} 总和: {2} 平均值: {3}", max, min, sum, sum / Array.Length);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

数组组合为字符串:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            String[] name = { "老杨", "老苏", "老邹", "老虎", "老牛", "老马" };
            string str = null;

            for (int x = 0; x < name.Length - 1; x++)
                str += name[x] + "|";

            Console.WriteLine(str + name[name.Length - 1]);

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

数组元素反转:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            String[] name = { "老杨", "老苏", "老邹", "老虎", "老牛", "老马" };
            string tmp;

            for (int x = 0; x < name.Length / 2; x++)
            {
                tmp = name[name.Length - 1 - x];
                name[x] = name[name.Length - 1 - x];
                name[name.Length - 1 - x] = tmp;
            }

            for (int x = 0; x < name.Length - 1; x++)
                Console.Write(name[x] + " |"  );

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

冒泡排序:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;


namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        // 执行排序
        static void Sort(int[] Array)
        {
            for (int x = 0; x < Array.Length - 1; x++)
            {
                for (int y = 0; y < Array.Length - 1 - x; y++)
                {
                    if (Array[y] > Array[y + 1])
                    {
                        int tmp = Array[y];
                        Array[y] = Array[y + 1];
                        Array[y+1] = tmp;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // 输出结果
        static void Display(int[] Array)
        {
            for (int x = 0; x < Array.Length; x++)
            {
                Console.Write(Array[x] + " ");
            }
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] MyArray = new int[10] { 57, 32, 4, 96, 33, 11, 78, 3, 78, 2 };

            Sort(MyArray);
            Display(MyArray);

            // 使用系统提供的方法排序
            Array.Sort(MyArray);
            // 执行一次反向排序
            Array.Reverse(MyArray);

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

直接插入排序:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;


namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        // 执行排序
        static void Sort(int[] Array)
        {
            for (int x = 0; x < Array.Length; x++)
            {
                int tmp = Array[x];
                int y = x;
                while ((y > 0) && (Array[y - 1] > tmp))
                {
                    Array[y] = Array[y-1];
                    --y;
                }
                Array[y] = tmp;
            }
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] MyArray = new int[10] { 57, 32, 4, 96, 33, 11, 78, 3, 78, 2 };

            Sort(MyArray);

            foreach (int x in MyArray)
                Console.Write(x + " ");

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

选择排序:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;


namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        // 执行排序
        static void Sort(int[] Array)
        {
            int min = 0;
            for (int x = 0; x < Array.Length; x++)
            {
                min = x;

                for (int y = x + 1; y < Array.Length; y++)
                {
                    if (Array[y] < Array[min])
                        min = y;
                }

                int tmp = Array[min];
                Array[min] = Array[x];
                Array[x] = tmp;
            }
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] MyArray = new int[10] { 57, 32, 4, 96, 33, 11, 78, 3, 78, 2 };

            Sort(MyArray);

            foreach (int x in MyArray)
                Console.Write(x + " ");

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

定义二维数组

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 定义二维数组
            int[,] Array = new int[2,3]{{1,2,4},{4,5,6}};

            Console.WriteLine("数组行数为: {0}", Array.Rank);
            Console.WriteLine("数组列数为: {0}", Array.GetUpperBound(Array.Rank - 1) + 1);

            for (int x = 0; x < Array.Rank;x++ )
            {
                string str = "";
                for(int y=0;y< Array.GetUpperBound(Array.Rank-1)+1;y++)
                {
                    str = str + Convert.ToString(Array[x, y]) + " ";
                }
                Console.Write(str);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

定义动态二维数组:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int Row = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
            int Col = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

            int[,] Array = new int[Row, Col];

            for (int x = 0; x < Row; x++)
            {
                for (int y = 0; y < Col; y++)
                {
                    Console.Write(x + "-->" + y.ToString() + " ");
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

一维数组的合并:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] Array1 = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
            int[] Array2 = new int[] { 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };

            // 将Array1 与 Array2 合并成 Array3
            int Count = Array1.Length + Array2.Length;
            int[] Array3 = new int[Count];

            for (int x = 0; x < Array3.Length; x++)
            {
                if (x < Array1.Length)
                    Array3[x] = Array1[x];
                else
                    Array3[x] = Array2[x - Array1.Length];
            }

            foreach (int each in Array3)
                Console.Write(each + "  ");
            
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

二维数组的合并:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] Array1 = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
            int[] Array2 = new int[] { 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };

            // 将两个一维数组,合并到一个二维数组中
            int[,] Array3 = new int[2, 5];

            // Rank = 二维数组中的2
            for (int x = 0; x < Array3.Rank; x++)
            {
                switch (x)
                {
                    case 0:
                        {
                            for (int y = 0; y < Array1.Length; y++)
                                Array3[x, y] = Array1[y];
                            break;
                        }
                    case 1:
                        {
                            for (int z = 0; z < Array2.Length; z++)
                                Array3[x, z] = Array2[z];
                            break;
                        }
                }
            }

            // 输出二维数组中的数据
            for (int x = 0; x < Array3.Rank;x++ )
            {
                for(int y=0;y<Array3.GetUpperBound(Array3.Rank-1)+1;y++)
                    Console.Write(Array3[x, y] + " ");
                Console.WriteLine();
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

二维数组的拆分:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[,] Array = new int[2, 3] { { 1, 3, 5 }, { 3, 4, 6 } };

            int[] ArrayOne = new int[3];
            int[] ArrayTwo = new int[4];

            for (int x = 0; x < 2; x++)
            {
                for(int y= 0; y<3; y++)
                {
                    switch(x)
                    {
                        case 0: ArrayOne[y] = Array[x, y]; break;
                        case 1: ArrayTwo[y] = Array[x, y]; break;
                    }
                }
            }

            foreach (int each in ArrayOne)
                Console.WriteLine(each);

             Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

ArrayList 类位于System.Collections命名空间下，它可以动态添加和删除元素，可以将该数组类看作扩充了功能的数组。

动态数组创建:

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 动态创建 ArrayList 并初始化10个数据
            ArrayList List = new ArrayList(10);
            for (int x = 0; x < 9; x++)
                List.Add(x);

            Console.WriteLine("可包含元素数量: {0} ", List.Capacity);
            Console.WriteLine("实际包含数量: {0}", List.Count);

            foreach (int each in List)
                Console.Write(each + " ");
            Console.WriteLine();

            // 将普通数组添加到ArrayList中
            int[] Array = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
            ArrayList List1 = new ArrayList(Array);
            for (int x = 0; x < List1.Count; x++)
                Console.Write(List1[x] + "  ");

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

增加/插入/删除元素:

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Display(ArrayList x)
        {
            foreach (int each in x)
                Console.Write(each + "  ");
            Console.WriteLine();
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 动态创建 ArrayList
            ArrayList List = new ArrayList(10);

            // 像数组增加数据
            List.Add(100);
            List.Add(200);
            List.Add(300);
            List.Add(400);
            List.Add(500);
            Display(List);

            // 插入数据
            List.Insert(1, 1000);
            List.Insert(2, 2000);
            Display(List);

            // 移除指定元素
            List.Remove(1000);
            Display(List);

            // 根据索引移除元素
            List.RemoveAt(1);
            Display(List);

            // 判断集合中是否包含指定元素
            bool ret = List.Contains(100);
            Console.WriteLine(ret);

            // 移除一个范围,从下标1开始向后移除3个元素
            List.RemoveRange(1, 3);
            Display(List);

            // 清空所有集合
            List.Clear();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

生成随机数存入集合:

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
            // 创建集合,添加数字,求平均值与和,最大值，最小值
            list.AddRange(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 });
            int sum = 0;
            int max = (int)list[0];

            for (int x = 0; x < list.Count;x++ )
            {
                if((int)list[x] > max)
                    max = (int)list[x];
                sum += (int)list[x];
            }
            Console.WriteLine("最大值: {0} 总和: {1} 平均值: {2}",max,sum,sum/list.Count);

            list.Clear();
            // 用来生成随机数,并去重后放入list链表中
            Random rand = new Random();
            for (int x = 0; x < 10;x++ )
            {
                int num = rand.Next(0,10);
                // 判断集合中是否有这个随机数
                if (!list.Contains(num))
                    list.Add(num);
                else
                    x--;
            }
            foreach (int each in list)
                Console.WriteLine(each);

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

增加并遍历数组: 我们可以直接将多个数组放入到ArrayList容器中，进行存储。

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
            
            // 直接追加匿名数组
            list.Add(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 });
            list.Add(new int[] { 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 });

            // 定义并追加数组
            int[] ptr = new int[5] { 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 };
            list.Add(ptr);

            for (int x = 0; x < list.Count;x++ )
            {
                if (list[x] is int[])
                {
                    for(int y=0; y < ((int[])list[x]).Length; y++)
                    {
                        Console.Write(((int[])list[x])[y] + "   ");
                    }
                    Console.WriteLine();
                }
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

增加遍历结构体:

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        public struct Student
        {
            public int u_id;
            public string u_name;
            public int u_age;

            public Student(int id, string name, int age)
            {
                this.u_id = id;
                this.u_name = name;
                this.u_age = age;
            }
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

            // 定义三个结构
            Student stu1 = new Student(1001,"admin",22);
            Student stu2 = new Student(1002, "guest", 33);
            Student stu3 = new Student(1003, "lyshark", 19);

            // 将结构追加到链表
            list.Add(stu1);
            list.Add(stu2);
            list.Add(stu3);

            // 遍历结构体
            for (int x = 0; x < list.Count;x++ )
            {
                if (list[x] is Student)
                {
                    Student ptr = (Student)list[x];
                    Console.WriteLine("ID: {0} 姓名: {1} 年龄: {2}", ptr.u_id, ptr.u_name, ptr.u_age);
                }
            }

           Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

队列的使用:

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Queue queue = new Queue();

            // 入队
            for (int x = 0; x < 10;x++ )
            {
                queue.Enqueue(x);
                Console.WriteLine("{0} 入队 -> 队列计数: {1}", x,queue.Count);
            }
            // 遍历队列
            foreach(int each in queue)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("队列开始: {0} --> 队列元素: {1}", queue.Peek().ToString(),each);
            }
            // 弹出队列
            while(queue.Count !=0)
            {
                int value = (int)queue.Dequeue();
                Console.WriteLine("{0} 出队列.", value);
            }

           Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

栈操作:

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Stack stack = new Stack();

            // 向栈追加数据
            for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++)
                stack.Push(x);

            // 查询栈
            Console.WriteLine("当前栈顶元素为：{0}", stack.Peek().ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("移出栈顶元素：{0}", stack.Pop().ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("当前栈顶元素为：{0}", stack.Peek().ToString());

            // 遍历栈
            foreach (int each in stack)
                Console.WriteLine(each);

            // 出栈
            while(stack.Count !=0)
            {
                int pop = (int)stack.Pop();
                Console.WriteLine("{0} 出栈", pop);
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

hash表的使用 Hashtable 哈希表，他表示键值对的一个集合，这些键值对根据键的哈希代码进行组织，键不可以为空，值可以为空。

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Hashtable hash = new Hashtable();

            // 添加键值对 key = value
            hash.Add("id", 1001);
            hash.Add("name", "lyshark");
            hash.Add("sex", "男");
            Console.WriteLine("hash 元素个数: {0}", hash.Count);

            // 移除一个hash值
            hash.Remove("sex");

            // 根据hash查找 是否存在
            Console.WriteLine("根据key查找: {0}", hash.Contains("name"));
            Console.WriteLine("根据key查找: {0}", hash.ContainsValue("lyshark"));

            // 遍历hash表
            foreach (DictionaryEntry each in hash)
                Console.WriteLine(each.Key + "\t" + each.Value);
            Console.WriteLine();

            // 清空hash表
            hash.Clear();

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

有序哈希表 SortedList 类代表了一系列按照键来排序的键/值对，这些键值对可以通过键和索引来访问。

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            SortedList student = new SortedList();

            // 向序列追加集合
            student.Add("1001", "Lucy");
            student.Add("1002", "Lily");
            student.Add("1003", "Tom");

            // 先判断是否存在某个值然后咋追加
            if (!student.ContainsValue("LyShark"))
                student.Add("1004", "LyShark");

            // 遍历学生数据
            foreach(DictionaryEntry each in student)
            {
                string id = each.Key.ToString();
                string name = each.Value.ToString();
                Console.WriteLine("ID: {0} 姓名: {1}", id, name);
            }

            // 删除一个数据
            student.Remove("1001");

            // 获取键的集合
            ICollection key = student.Keys;
            foreach(string each in key)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(each + "--> " + student[each]);
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

泛型类型集合: 效率更高更快，不发生装箱，拆箱等。

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 创建泛型集合对象
            List<int> list = new List<int>();
            list.Add(1);
            list.Add(2);
            list.Add(3);

            list.AddRange(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 });
            list.AddRange(list);

            // List泛型集合可以转换为数组
            int[] array = list.ToArray();
            Console.WriteLine("数组成员数: {0}", array.Length);


            // 字符数组转换为泛型集合
            char[] chs = new char[] { 'a', 'b', 'c' };
            List<char> list_char = chs.ToList();
            Console.WriteLine("字符数组成员数: {0}",list_char.Count);

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

k-v泛型集合: 使用队组，实现的泛型集合。

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Dictionary<int, string> dict = new Dictionary<int, string>();

            dict.Add(1, "张三");
            dict.Add(2, "李四");
            dict.Add(3, "王五");

            foreach(KeyValuePair<int,string> each in dict)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("序号:{0} 数值:{1}", each.Key, each.Value);
            }

            foreach(var each in dict.Keys)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("序号:{0} 数值:{1}", each, dict[each]);
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

k-v泛型集合: 统计指定的一个字符串中单词的出现频率。

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            String str = "welcome to china";
            // 对组统计出每个字符串出现的次数
            Dictionary<char, int> dict = new Dictionary<char, int>();
            for (int x = 0; x < str.Length;x++ )
            {
                if (str[x] == ' ')
                    continue;
                //如果dic已经包含了当前循环到的这个键
                if (dict.ContainsKey(str[x]))
                    dict[str[x]]++;
                // 这个字符在集合当中是第一次出现
                else
                    dict[str[x]] = 1;
            }

            // 遍历出数量
            foreach(KeyValuePair<char,int> each in dict)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("字母: {0} 出现了: {1} 次", each.Key, each.Value);
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}
C# 使用正则表达式
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