经常有需求向表中导入大量的数据，使用insert不靠谱，太慢了，oracle提供了sqlldr的工具
也有时需要讲数据导入到文本，oracle的spool可以轻松实现oracle导出数据到txt、txt导入数据到oracle
一、导出数据到txt
这里用all_objects表做测试
SQL> desc all_objects;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER
DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19)
CREATED NOT NULL DATE
LAST_DDL_TIME NOT NULL DATE
TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19)
STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1)
GENERATED VARCHAR2(1)
SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1)
拿object_id,object_name做导出、导入测试
这里需要一些设置满足数据导出的样式
vi exp_table.sql
set line 1000 --设置行的长度
set pagesize 0 --输出不换页
set feedback off --默认的当一条sql发出的时候，oracle会给一个反馈，比如说创建表的时候，如果成功命令行会返回类似：Table created的反馈,off后不显示反馈
set heading off --不显示表头信息
set trimspool on --如果trimspool设置为on，将移除spool文件中的尾部空
set trims on --去掉空字符
set echo off; --显示start启动的脚本中的每个sql命令，缺省为on
set colsep '|' --设置分隔符
set termout off --不在屏幕上显示结果
spool db1.txt --记录数据到db1.txt
select object_id,object_name from all_objects; --导出数据语句
spool off --收集完毕
exit
一切就绪后导出数据
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g' db1.txt --可选，去除每行开头部分的空格
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$
44|I_USER1
28|CON$
15|UNDO$
29|C_COBJ#
3|I_OBJ#
25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$
导出后检查数据的记录数是否正确
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select count(*) from all_objects;
COUNT(*)
----------
49988 --数据正确
二、从txt导入数据到oracle
sqlldr是通过一个control文件设定后，从文本导入数据
建立一张测试表
SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));
Table created.
建立一个control文件
vi tb_sqlldr.ctl
load data
infile 'db1.txt' --数据来源文本
append into table tb_sqlldr --数据导入到表tb_sqldr中，导入方式为追加，如果想覆盖
fields terminated by "|" --4、字段终止于X'09'，是一个制表符(tab)
(id,name) --定义对应的字段名称，注意顺序
导入数据分成四种模式，可以根据需求选择：
APPEND // 原先的表有数据 就加在后面
INSERT // 装载空表 如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止 默认值
REPLACE // 原先的表有数据 原先的数据会全部删除
TRUNCATE // 指定的内容和replace的相同 会用truncate语句删除现存数据
执行导入操作
sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl
差不多5w的数据短短2s解决
执行导入后验证数据
SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;
COUNT(*)
----------
49988
导入成功
再执行一次导入操作，由于设置为追加
SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;
COUNT(*)
----------
99976
记录翻倍
sqlldr还有很多参数供选择，比如log、bad这些，查看帮助即可
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr
SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
Valid Keywords:
userid -- ORACLE username/password
control -- control file name
log -- log file name
bad -- bad file name
data -- data file name
discard -- discard file name
discardmax -- number of discards to allow (Default all)
skip -- number of logical records to skip (Default 0)
load -- number of logical records to load (Default all)
errors -- number of errors to allow (Default 50)
rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
(Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000)
silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
direct -- use direct path (Default FALSE)
parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
parallel -- do parallel load (Default FALSE)
file -- file to allocate extents from
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE)
readsize -- size of read buffer (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path
resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000)
PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords. An example of the former case is 'sqlldr
scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger'. One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords. For example,
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.