- docker基础
- docker搭建lnmp环境
1. docker基础
1.1 docker的安装
docker的安装非常简单，我们可以直接使用centos系统中的yum命令进行安装：
yum install -y docker
完成后查看docker的版本信息：
[root@localhost docker]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1API version: 1.26
Package version: docker-1.13.1-204.git0be3e21.el7.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 0be3e21/1.13.1
Built: Fri Mar 19 13:57:09 2021OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.13.1API version: 1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
Package version: docker-1.13.1-204.git0be3e21.el7.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 0be3e21/1.13.1
Built: Fri Mar 19 13:57:09 2021OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
[root@localhost docker]#
证明安装完成，docker的命令如下：
systemctl start docker # 启动docker
systemctl stop docker # 停止docker
systemctl status docker # 查看docker状态
systemctl restart docker # 重新启动docker
在启动之前我们需要修改docker的镜像源：
[root@localhost docker]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://ftnejmh3.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
完成后运行systemctl start docker，启动docker服务。
2. docker搭建lnmp环境
环境软件介绍：
1\. docker
2. nginx
3. mysql
4. php7.4
5. laravel7
docker搭建的lnmp目录结构：
docker
│ └── nginx
│ │ └── default.conf #nginx配置文件
│ └── www
│ └── lmrs-2008 #lmrs的laravel项目代码
2.1 docker搭建nginx
我们可以使用docker search nginx命令查找 Docker Hub 上的 nginx 镜像,这里直接拉取官方的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到 REPOSITORY 为 nginx 的镜像。
[root@localhost www]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 62d49f9bab67 12 days ago 133 MB
创建nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /docker/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# touch default.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim default.conf
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name localhost;
root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;
index index.php index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;
fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;}
}
使用nginx镜像开启nginx应用容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 80:80 -d --name nginx -v /docker/nginx/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf -v /docker/www:/docker/www --privileged=true nginx
-p 80:80：将容器的80端口映射到主机的80端口
-d 后台运行(守护进程)
--name nginx：将容器命名为nginx
-v 将主机中当前目录下的www挂载到容器的www目录
#查看docker目前的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8781afd1bf13 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Up 17 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx
2.2 docker安装php
和nginx一样，我们可以先通过docker search php查找镜像，这里直接拉取官方的镜像,标签为7.4-fpm，其他版本的可自行选择
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull php:7.4-fpm
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为php,标签为7.4-fpm的镜像。
[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 62d49f9bab67 12 days ago 133 MB
docker.io/php 7.4-fpm 41b17b0f90e6 2 weeks ago 405 MB
使用php镜像开启php-frm应用容器
[root@localhost docker]# docker run -p 9000:9000 -d --name php -v /docker/www:/docker/www --privileged=true php:7.4-fpm
-p 9000:9000 :将容器的9000端口映射到主机的9000端口
-d 后台运行(守护进程)
--name php：将容器命名为php
-v 将主机中当前目录下的www挂载到容器的www目录
查看容器启动情况
[root@localhost docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cbf73ca0f17c php:7.4-fpm "docker-php-entryp..." About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp php
8781afd1bf13 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Up 23 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx
到这里，可以看到nginx和php都运行成功(STATUS为up说明正在运行)
查看ip信息
[root@localhost docker]# docker inspect php | grep "IPAddress""SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
查看nginx配置的php-fpm服务ip是否一致：
location ~ \.php$ {
root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;
fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
以上配置中fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;需要与我们查看的php容器的ip一致。
完成以上配置并且确定容器启动没有问题，可以进行测试：
访问laravel可能出现目录权限问题，以下是解决方式：
[root@localhost docker]# cd /docker/www
[root@localhost www]# chmod -R 777 lmrs-2008
2.3 docker 搭建mysql
和nginx一样，我们可以先通过docker search mysql查找镜像，这里直接拉取官方的镜像
[root@localhost docker]# docker pull mysql
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为mysql的镜像
[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/mysql latest 0627ec6901db 6 days ago 556 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 62d49f9bab67 12 days ago 133 MB
docker.io/php 7.4-fpm 41b17b0f90e6 2 weeks ago 405 MB
配置宿主机的mysql配置文件
[root@localhost docker]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
secure_file_priv=/var/lib/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 400
table_definition_cache = 400
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 100G
table_open_cache = 128
sort_buffer_size = 768K
net_buffer_length = 4K
read_buffer_size = 768K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 16
tmp_table_size = 32M
default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password
lower_case_table_names = 1
sql-mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 1
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 600000
slow_query_log=1
slow-query-log-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time=3
early-plugin-load = ""
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
innodb_log_file_size = 64M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_read_io_threads = 1
innodb_write_io_threads = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 500M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 768K
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
使用php镜像开启php-frm应用容器
[root@localhost docker]# docker run -p 3306:3306 -d --name mysql -v /etc/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf --privileged=true -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root mysql
-p 3306:3306 :将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口
-d 后台运行(守护进程)
--name mysql：将容器命名为mysql
-v 将主机中的mysql配置挂载到容器的/etc/mysql/my.cnf
进入容器，连接mysql配置一个自己的用户，用于项目使用。
[root@localhost docker]# docker exec -it mysql bash
root@0ead771c95b4:/#
#连接mysql，密码就是我们在构建容器时镜像设置的MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD参数值
root@0ead771c95b4:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.24 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> create user `starsky`@`%` identified by "root";
mysql> grant all on *.* to `starsky`@`%` with grant option;