docker搭建lnmp环境

Docker/容器
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2022-04-12
十分钟学会用docker部署微服务
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标签   Docker
  1. docker基础
  2. docker搭建lnmp环境

1. docker基础

1.1 docker的安装

docker的安装非常简单，我们可以直接使用centos系统中的yum命令进行安装：

yum install -y docker

完成后查看docker的版本信息：

[root@localhost docker]# docker version
Client: 
 Version:         1.13.1API version:     1.26 
 Package version: docker-1.13.1-204.git0be3e21.el7.x86_64 
 Go version:      go1.10.3 
 Git commit:      0be3e21/1.13.1 
 Built:           Fri Mar 19 13:57:09 2021OS/Arch:         linux/amd64
 
Server: 
 Version:         1.13.1API version:     1.26 (minimum version 1.12) 
 Package version: docker-1.13.1-204.git0be3e21.el7.x86_64 
 Go version:      go1.10.3 
 Git commit:      0be3e21/1.13.1 
 Built:           Fri Mar 19 13:57:09 2021OS/Arch:         linux/amd64 
 Experimental:    false
[root@localhost docker]#

证明安装完成，docker的命令如下：

systemctl start docker   # 启动docker
systemctl stop docker    # 停止docker
systemctl status docker  # 查看docker状态
systemctl restart docker # 重新启动docker

在启动之前我们需要修改docker的镜像源：

[root@localhost docker]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
 
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://ftnejmh3.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

完成后运行systemctl start docker，启动docker服务。

2. docker搭建lnmp环境

环境软件介绍：

1\. docker
2. nginx
3. mysql
4. php7.4
5. laravel7

docker搭建的lnmp目录结构：

docker
│   └── nginx
│   │   └── default.conf #nginx配置文件
│   └── www
│       └── lmrs-2008    #lmrs的laravel项目代码

2.1 docker搭建nginx

我们可以使用docker search nginx命令查找 Docker Hub 上的 nginx 镜像,这里直接拉取官方的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到 REPOSITORY 为 nginx 的镜像。

[root@localhost www]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/nginx     latest              62d49f9bab67        12 days ago         133 MB

创建nginx配置

[root@localhost ~]# cd /docker/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# touch default.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim default.conf
 
server {
    listen       80;
    listen  [::]:80;
    server_name  localhost;
    root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;
    index index.php index.html;
 
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;}
 
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;}
 
    location ~ \.php$ {
        root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;
        fastcgi_pass   172.17.0.3:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;}
}

使用nginx镜像开启nginx应用容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 80:80 -d --name nginx -v /docker/nginx/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf -v /docker/www:/docker/www  --privileged=true nginx
 
-p 80:80：将容器的80端口映射到主机的80端口
-d 后台运行(守护进程)
--name nginx：将容器命名为nginx
-v 将主机中当前目录下的www挂载到容器的www目录
 
#查看docker目前的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
8781afd1bf13        nginx               "/docker-entrypoin..."   About an hour ago   Up 17 minutes       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp                  nginx

2.2 docker安装php

和nginx一样，我们可以先通过docker search php查找镜像，这里直接拉取官方的镜像,标签为7.4-fpm，其他版本的可自行选择

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull php:7.4-fpm

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为php,标签为7.4-fpm的镜像。

[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/nginx     latest              62d49f9bab67        12 days ago         133 MB
docker.io/php       7.4-fpm             41b17b0f90e6        2 weeks ago         405 MB

使用php镜像开启php-frm应用容器

[root@localhost docker]# docker run -p 9000:9000 -d --name php -v /docker/www:/docker/www --privileged=true php:7.4-fpm
-p 9000:9000 :将容器的9000端口映射到主机的9000端口
-d 后台运行(守护进程)
--name php：将容器命名为php
-v 将主机中当前目录下的www挂载到容器的www目录

查看容器启动情况

[root@localhost docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
cbf73ca0f17c        php:7.4-fpm         "docker-php-entryp..."   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp              php
8781afd1bf13        nginx               "/docker-entrypoin..."   About an hour ago   Up 23 minutes       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp                  nginx

到这里，可以看到nginx和php都运行成功(STATUS为up说明正在运行)

查看ip信息

[root@localhost docker]# docker inspect php | grep "IPAddress""SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",

查看nginx配置的php-fpm服务ip是否一致：

location ~ \.php$ {
    root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;
    fastcgi_pass   172.17.0.3:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
}

以上配置中fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;需要与我们查看的php容器的ip一致。

完成以上配置并且确定容器启动没有问题，可以进行测试：

访问laravel可能出现目录权限问题，以下是解决方式：

[root@localhost docker]# cd /docker/www
[root@localhost www]# chmod -R 777 lmrs-2008

2.3 docker 搭建mysql

和nginx一样，我们可以先通过docker search mysql查找镜像，这里直接拉取官方的镜像

[root@localhost docker]# docker pull mysql

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为mysql的镜像

[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/mysql     latest              0627ec6901db        6 days ago          556 MB
docker.io/nginx     latest              62d49f9bab67        12 days ago         133 MB
docker.io/php       7.4-fpm             41b17b0f90e6        2 weeks ago         405 MB

配置宿主机的mysql配置文件

[root@localhost docker]# vim /etc/my.cnf
 
[client]
port        = 3306
socket        = /tmp/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld]
secure_file_priv=/var/lib/mysql
port        = 3306
socket        = /tmp/mysql.sock
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 400
table_definition_cache = 400
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 100G
table_open_cache = 128
sort_buffer_size = 768K
net_buffer_length = 4K
read_buffer_size = 768K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 16
tmp_table_size = 32M
default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password
lower_case_table_names = 1
sql-mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
 
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
 
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 1
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 600000
slow_query_log=1
slow-query-log-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time=3
early-plugin-load = ""
 
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
innodb_log_file_size = 64M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_read_io_threads = 1
innodb_write_io_threads = 1
 
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 500M
 
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
 
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 768K
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
 
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

使用php镜像开启php-frm应用容器

[root@localhost docker]# docker run -p 3306:3306 -d --name mysql -v /etc/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf --privileged=true -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root mysql
 
-p 3306:3306 :将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口
-d 后台运行(守护进程)
--name mysql：将容器命名为mysql
-v 将主机中的mysql配置挂载到容器的/etc/mysql/my.cnf

进入容器，连接mysql配置一个自己的用户，用于项目使用。

[root@localhost docker]# docker exec -it mysql bash
root@0ead771c95b4:/#
 
#连接mysql，密码就是我们在构建容器时镜像设置的MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD参数值
root@0ead771c95b4:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.24 MySQL Community Server - GPL
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql>
mysql> create user `starsky`@`%` identified by "root";
mysql> grant all on *.* to `starsky`@`%` with grant option;
十分钟学会用docker部署微服务
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