目录
- 正题开始
- Singleton.h
- 反射类
- Reflex.h
代码环境为VScode + CMake + GCC 8.1.0
首先,如何才能做到给我一个名字我就能拿到这个对象的这个值,也是比较难的一个地方,方法如下
#define OFFSET(className,fieldName) (size_t)&(((className*)0)->fieldName)
这个能够得到该成员变量与该对象的偏移量,之后根据这个偏移量来获取成员的值
正题开始
首先这个反射类应该只有一个,要不然反射就会变得很混乱,这一个反射对象,那里一个反射对象。所以应该将该反射类变为一个单例。全局内只允许出现一个。单例类如下:
Singleton.h
NAME_SPACE_START(myUtil) | |
//单例模式 | |
template<typename T> | |
class Singleton{ | |
public: | |
static T* Instance(){ | |
if(m_instance==nullptr){ | |
m_instance = new T(); | |
} | |
return m_instance; | |
} | |
private: | |
Singleton(); | |
Singleton(const Singleton<T>&); | |
~Singleton(); | |
Singleton<T>& operator=(const Singleton<T>&); | |
private: | |
static T* m_instance; | |
}; | |
template<typename T> | |
T* Singleton<T>::m_instance=nullptr; | |
NAME_SPACE_END() | |
我在这个头文件中写了一个单例声明SINGLETON_DECLARE,只要将这个声明放到私有部分就行了,这个类就变为一个单例类了。
反射类
如何才能做到反射呢,应该在这个反射类中保存注册表,传入了对应的类名,返回对应的信息,然后使用基类实现对应的方法即可。代码如下:
Reflex.h
NAME_SPACE_START(myUtil) | |
//因为编译器不支持类模板和实现分开写,所以放到一起了 | |
class Field; | |
class Reflex; | |
class RObject{ | |
public: | |
RObject(){} | |
virtual ~RObject(){} | |
std::string _className; | |
template<typename T> | |
T get(const std::string& fieldName); | |
template<typename T> | |
void set(const std::string& fieldName, const T& fieldValue); | |
void Call(const std::string& methodName); | |
template<typename T,typename... Args> | |
T Call(const std::string& methodName, Args... args); | |
}; | |
typedef RObject* (*construct)(void); | |
//使用方法,使用REGISTER_REFLEX注册,然后直接使用createClass即可 | |
class Reflex{ | |
SINGLETON_DECLARE(Reflex) | |
public: | |
void ReflexRegister(); | |
RObject* createClass(const std::string& className); | |
void RegisterClass(const std::string& className, construct constructMethod); | |
void RegisterField(const std::string& className, const std::string& FieldName, const std::string& FieldType, const size_t& offset); | |
void RegisterMethod(const std::string& className, const std::string& methodName, const uintptr_t& lpMethod); | |
template<typename T> | |
T getClassField(void* originPos, const std::string& className, const std::string& fieldName); | |
template<typename T> | |
void setClassField(void* originPos, const std::string& className, const std::string& fieldName, const T& fieldValue); | |
uintptr_t getClassMethod(const std::string& className, const std::string& methodName); | |
private: | |
std::map<std::string, construct> m_classMap; | |
std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, Field>> m_fieldMap; | |
std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, uintptr_t>> m_methodMap; | |
}; | |
//仅仅用来在reflex中注册使用 | |
class RegisterClass{ | |
public: | |
RegisterClass(const std::string& className,construct constructMethod) | |
{ | |
Reflex* factory = myUtil::Singleton<Reflex>::Instance(); | |
factory->RegisterClass(className, constructMethod); | |
} | |
RegisterClass(const std::string& className,const std::string& fieldName,const std::string& fieldType,const size_t& offset) | |
{ | |
Reflex* factory = myUtil::Singleton<Reflex>::Instance(); | |
factory->RegisterField(className, fieldName, fieldType, offset); | |
} | |
RegisterClass(const std::string& className,const std::string& methodName,const uintptr_t& lpMethod) | |
{ | |
Reflex* factory = myUtil::Singleton<Reflex>::Instance(); | |
factory->RegisterMethod(className, methodName, lpMethod); | |
} | |
}; | |
class Field{ | |
private: | |
std::string m_fieldType{""}; | |
//std::string m_fieldName{""}; | |
size_t m_offset{0}; | |
public: | |
Field(){} | |
Field(const std::string& fieldType,const size_t& offset): | |
m_fieldType(fieldType),m_offset(offset){} | |
~Field(){} | |
inline std::string getFieldType(){return m_fieldType;} | |
//inline std::string getFieldName(){return m_fieldName;} | |
inline size_t getOffSet(){return m_offset;} | |
inline void setFieldType(const std::string& type){ m_fieldType = type;} | |
//inline void setFieldName(const std::string& name){ m_fieldName = name;} | |
inline void setOffSet(const size_t& offset){ m_offset = offset;} | |
}; | |
class Method{ | |
public: | |
Method(){} | |
Method(const std::string& name,const std::uintptr_t& method): | |
methodName(name),lpMethod(method){} | |
~Method(){} | |
inline void setMethodName(const std::string& name) { methodName = name;} | |
inline void setLpMethod(const uintptr_t& lp) { lpMethod = lp;} | |
inline std::string getMethodName(){return methodName;} | |
inline uintptr_t getLpMethod(){return lpMethod;} | |
private: | |
std::string methodName{""}; | |
std::uintptr_t lpMethod{0}; | |
}; | |
template<typename T> | |
T RObject::get(const std::string &fieldName) | |
{ | |
Reflex* factory = myUtil::Singleton<Reflex>::Instance(); | |
return factory->getClassField<T>(this, _className, fieldName); | |
} | |
template<typename T> | |
void RObject::set(const std::string &fieldName, const T &fieldValue) | |
{ | |
Reflex* factory = myUtil::Singleton<Reflex>::Instance(); | |
factory->setClassField(this, _className, fieldName, fieldValue); | |
} | |
void RObject::Call(const std::string& methodName) | |
{ | |
Reflex* factory = myUtil::Singleton<Reflex>::Instance(); | |
std::uintptr_t temp = factory->getClassMethod(_className, methodName); | |
if (temp == 0) return; | |
typedef std::function<void(decltype(this))> class_method; | |
class_method* method = (class_method*)temp; | |
(*method)(this); | |
} | |
template<typename T,typename... Args> | |
T RObject::Call(const std::string& methodName,Args... args) | |
{ | |
Reflex* factory = myUtil::Singleton<Reflex>::Instance(); | |
std::uintptr_t temp = factory->getClassMethod(_className, methodName); | |
if(temp == 0) return T(); | |
typedef std::function<T(decltype(this),Args...)> class_method; | |
class_method* method = (class_method*)temp; | |
return (*method)(this,args...); | |
} | |
RObject* Reflex::createClass(const std::string &className) | |
{ | |
if(m_classMap.find(className)==m_classMap.end()) return nullptr; | |
return m_classMap[className](); | |
} | |
void Reflex::RegisterClass(const std::string &className, construct constructMethod) | |
{ | |
if(m_classMap.find(className)!=m_classMap.end()){ | |
throw std::exception(); | |
return; | |
} | |
m_classMap.insert(std::pair<std::string, construct>(className,constructMethod)); | |
m_fieldMap[className] = std::map<std::string, Field>(); | |
m_methodMap[className] = std::map<std::string, uintptr_t>(); | |
} | |
void Reflex::RegisterField(const std::string &className, const std::string &FieldName, const std::string &FieldType, const size_t &offset) | |
{ | |
m_fieldMap[className][FieldName] = Field(FieldType,offset); | |
} | |
void Reflex::RegisterMethod(const std::string &className, const std::string &methodName, const uintptr_t &lpMethod) | |
{ | |
m_methodMap[className][methodName] = lpMethod; | |
} | |
template<typename T> | |
T Reflex::getClassField(void* originPos, const std::string &className, const std::string &fieldName) | |
{ | |
if(m_fieldMap.find(className) == m_fieldMap.end()){ | |
return T(); | |
} | |
if(m_fieldMap[className].find(fieldName) == m_fieldMap[className].end()){ | |
return T(); | |
} | |
size_t offset = m_fieldMap[className][fieldName].getOffSet(); | |
return *(T*)((size_t)originPos + offset); | |
} | |
template<typename T> | |
void Reflex::setClassField(void* originPos, const std::string &className, const std::string &fieldName, const T &fieldValue) | |
{ | |
if(m_fieldMap.find(className) == m_fieldMap.end()){ | |
return; | |
} | |
if(m_fieldMap[className].find(fieldName) == m_fieldMap[className].end()){ | |
return; | |
} | |
size_t offset = m_fieldMap[className][fieldName].getOffSet(); | |
*(T*)((size_t)originPos + offset) = fieldValue; | |
} | |
uintptr_t Reflex::getClassMethod(const std::string &className, const std::string &methodName) | |
{ | |
if(m_fieldMap.find(className) == m_fieldMap.end()){ | |
return 0; | |
} | |
if(m_methodMap[className].find(methodName) == m_methodMap[className].end()){ | |
return 0; | |
} | |
return m_methodMap[className][methodName]; | |
} | |
NAME_SPACE_END() | |
该反射类使用方法如下:
using namespace std; | |
using namespace myUtil; | |
class A:public RObject{ | |
public: | |
void show(){ | |
cout<<"hello world"<<endl; | |
} | |
int add(int a,int b){ | |
return a+b; | |
} | |
int m_age; | |
A():m_age(10){} | |
}; | |
REGISTER_REFLEX(A) | |
REGISTER_REFLEX_FIELD(A, int, m_age) | |
REGISTER_REFLEX_METHOD(A, show) | |
REGISTER_REFLEX_METHOD_ARGS(A, add, int,int,int) | |
int main(){ | |
Reflex* factory=Singleton<Reflex>::Instance(); | |
A* a=(A*)factory->createClass("A"); | |
cout<<a->get<int>("m_age")<<endl; | |
a->set<int>("m_age", 30); | |
cout << a->get<int>("m_age") << endl; | |
a->Call("show"); | |
int b = a->Call<int,int,int>("add",1,5); | |
cout << b << endl; | |
A* c=(A*)factory->createClass("A"); | |
cout<<c->get<int>("m_age")<<endl; | |
c->set<int>("m_age", 40); | |
cout << c->get<int>("m_age") << endl; | |
c->Call("show"); | |
b = c->Call<int,int,int>("add",2,5); | |
cout << b << endl; | |
return 0; | |
} |
结果截图
最后讲解一下是怎么用的,见注释
//首先要使用反射的类要继承RObject | |
//要使用反射的类和成员方法都要声明为public | |
class A:public RObject{ | |
public: | |
void show(){ | |
cout<<"hello world"<<endl; | |
} | |
int add(int a,int b){ | |
return a+b; | |
} | |
int m_age; | |
A():m_age(10){} | |
}; | |
//这里在反射类中注册A这个类,原理是把重复工作用宏展开来替代 | |
REGISTER_REFLEX(A) | |
//注册类中的成员变量,一定要先注册类再注册成员变量,原理是将成员变量与对象的偏移量保存起来,用到的时候解引用来获取值 | |
REGISTER_REFLEX_FIELD(A, int, m_age) | |
//注册类的成员方法,此宏是声明没有返回值和入参的成员方法的,原理是使用function能够调用成员函数的功能,将function的地址保存到注册表中(转为uintptr_t),需要时通过传入的参数转换回来,再调用 | |
REGISTER_REFLEX_METHOD(A, show) | |
//注册类的成员方法,此宏是声明有返回值和多参数的成员方法的,原理同上 | |
REGISTER_REFLEX_METHOD_ARGS(A, add, int,int,int) | |
int main(){ | |
//在使用类时,要先获取这个全局唯一的反射对象,使用它来创建对象 | |
Reflex* factory=Singleton<Reflex>::Instance(); | |
A* a=(A*)factory->createClass("A"); | |
//为了能够得到准确的类型值,这里使用模板来获取 | |
cout<<a->get<int>("m_age")<<endl; | |
//设置同获取 | |
a->set<int>("m_age", 30); | |
cout << a->get<int>("m_age") << endl; | |
//调用无参且无返回值的成员函数时使用没有模板的Call,反之使用有模板的Call | |
a->Call("show"); | |
int b = a->Call<int,int,int>("add",1,5); | |
cout << b << endl; | |
return 0; | |
} |