golang单元测试一（简单函数测试）

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2022-11-15
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0.1、索引

blog.waterflow.link/articles/16636...

1、简介

单元测试是测试代码、组件和模块的单元函数。单元测试的目的是清除代码中的错误，增加代码的稳定性，在更改代码时提供正确性。单元测试是软件测试的第一级，然后是集成测试和 ui 测试。

2、编写测试代码

首先测试文件的命名必须以_test.go结尾，测试方法必须以Test开头

我们创建一个testexample项目，执行go mod init初始化项目。

然后创建一个uri.go的文件，里面的代码是我摘抄自golang的amqp包中的一段解析ampq url的代码，具体链接

package uri

import (
    "errors" 
    "net" 
    "net/url" 
    "strconv" 
    "strings"
)

var errURIScheme = errors.New("AMQP scheme must be either 'amqp://' or 'amqps://'")
var errURIWhitespace = errors.New("URI must not contain whitespace")

var schemePorts = map[string]int{
    "amqp":  5672,
    "amqps": 5671,
}

var defaultURI = URI{
    Scheme:   "amqp",
    Host:     "localhost",
    Port:     5672,
    Username: "guest",
    Password: "guest",
    Vhost:    "/",
}

// URI represents a parsed AMQP URI string.
type URI struct {
    Scheme   string
    Host     string
    Port     int
    Username string
    Password string
    Vhost    string
}

// ParseURI attempts to parse the given AMQP URI according to the spec.
// See http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html.
//
// Default values for the fields are:
//
//   Scheme: amqp
//   Host: localhost
//   Port: 5672
//   Username: guest
//   Password: guest
//   Vhost: /
//
func ParseURI(uri string) (URI, error) {
    builder := defaultURI

    // 如果链接中有空字符串，返回默认值和错误 
    if strings.Contains(uri, " ") {
        return builder, errURIWhitespace
    }

    // 解析url为结构体，解析失败返回默认值和错误
    u, err := url.Parse(uri)
    if err != nil {
        return builder, err
    }

    // 根据scheme获取默认端口
    defaultPort, okScheme := schemePorts[u.Scheme]

    if okScheme {
        builder.Scheme = u.Scheme
    } else {
        // 获取不到就返回默认值和错误 
        return builder, errURIScheme
    }

    host := u.Hostname()
    port := u.Port()

    if host != "" {
        builder.Host = host
    }

    if port != "" {
        port32, err := strconv.ParseInt(port, 10, 32)
        if err != nil {
            // 解析出来的端口转整型失败，返回最新的URI和错误 
            return builder, err
        }
        builder.Port = int(port32)
    } else {
        builder.Port = defaultPort
    }

    if u.User != nil {
        builder.Username = u.User.Username()
        if password, ok := u.User.Password(); ok {
            builder.Password = password
        }
    }

    if u.Path != "" {
        if strings.HasPrefix(u.Path, "/") {
            if u.Host == "" && strings.HasPrefix(u.Path, "///") {
                // net/url doesn't handle local context authorities and leaves that up 
                // to the scheme handler.  In our case, we translate amqp:/// into the 
                // default host and whatever the vhost should be 
                if len(u.Path) > 3 {
                    builder.Vhost = u.Path[3:]
                }
            } else if len(u.Path) > 1 {
                builder.Vhost = u.Path[1:]
            }
        } else {
            builder.Vhost = u.Path
        }
    }

    return builder, nil
}

func (uri URI) String() string {
    authority, err := url.Parse("")
    if err != nil {
        return err.Error()
    }

    authority.Scheme = uri.Scheme

    if uri.Username != defaultURI.Username || uri.Password != defaultURI.Password {
        authority.User = url.User(uri.Username)

        if uri.Password != defaultURI.Password {
            authority.User = url.UserPassword(uri.Username, uri.Password)
        }
    }

    authority.Host = net.JoinHostPort(uri.Host, strconv.Itoa(uri.Port))

    if defaultPort, found := schemePorts[uri.Scheme]; !found || defaultPort != uri.Port {
        authority.Host = net.JoinHostPort(uri.Host, strconv.Itoa(uri.Port))
    } else {
        // JoinHostPort() automatically add brackets to the host if it's 
        // an IPv6 address. 
        // 
        // If not port is specified, JoinHostPort() return an IP address in the 
        // form of "[::1]:", so we use TrimSuffix() to remove the extra ":".
        authority.Host = strings.TrimSuffix(net.JoinHostPort(uri.Host, ""), ":")
    }

    if uri.Vhost != defaultURI.Vhost {
        // Make sure net/url does not double escape, e.g. 
        // "%2F" does not become "%252F".
        authority.Path = uri.Vhost
        authority.RawPath = url.QueryEscape(uri.Vhost)
    } else {
        authority.Path = "/"
    }

    return authority.String()
}

先不用考虑上面函数的复杂性，我们的目的很简单，就是要测试ParseURI函数。那如何测试呢？首先我们需要创建一个uri_test.go文件，一般和需要测试的uri.go在同一个目录下。其次文件的包名也需要和uri.go 一致。

然后我们就可以编写测试函数了，上面说了测试函数需要以Test开头。

我们先写一个简单的测试函数：

package uri

import (
    "testing"
)

// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html
type testURI struct {
    url      string
    username string
    password string
    host     string
    port     int
    vhost    string
    canon    string
}

var uriTest = testURI{
    url:      "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
    username: "user",
    password: "pass",
    host:     "host",
    port:     10000,
    vhost:    "vhost",
    canon:    "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
}

func TestUri(t *testing.T) {
    u, err := ParseURI(uriTest.url)
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatal("Could not parse spec URI: ", uriTest.url, " err: ", err)
    }

    if uriTest.username != u.Username {
        t.Error("For: ", uriTest.url, " usernames do not match. want: ", uriTest.username, " got: ", u.Username)
    } else {
        t.Log("For: ", uriTest.url, " usernames match. want: ", uriTest.username, " got: ", u.Username)
    }
}

首先我们看到包名是uri，然后我们定义了一个以Test开头的测试函数TestUri。函数的入参就代表这是一个单元测试。

然后我们定义一个需要测试的url的结构testURI，然后初始化结构体uriTest。其中uriTest.url就是需要传入ParseURI的参数，另外的一些参数就是解析之后希望返回的结果。

可以看到上面有几个方法：

  • t.Fatal，测试错误并退出
  • t.Error，测试错误会继续往下执行
  • t.Log，一般代表测试成功打印日志

3、运行测试代码

然后我们在命令行执行下这个测试函数：

go test -run TestUri                         
PASS
ok      go-demo/testexample/uri 0.390s

从执行结果我们可以看到测试成功了，但是并没有打印成功的日志。这是因为我们需要加上一个参数，修改如下：

go test -v  -run TestUri
=== RUN   TestUri
    uri_test.go:37: For:  amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost  usernames match. want:  user  got:  user
--- PASS: TestUri (0.00s)
PASS
ok      go-demo/testexample/uri 0.120s

可以看到测试成功的日志打印出来了。

-run代表可以指定某个具体的测试函数执行，如果去掉的话也可以，会执行这个目录下所有的测试函数

4、表驱动测试

如果我们想执行一批测试代码，这个时候应该怎么写呢？很简单，我们只需要定义一个切片就行：

package uri

import ( 
    "testing"
)

// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html
type testURI struct {
    url      string 
    username string 
    password string 
    host     string 
    port     int 
    vhost    string 
    canon    string
}

var uriTests = []testURI{
    {
        url:      "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
        username: "user",
        password: "pass",
        host:     "host",
        port:     10000,
        vhost:    "vhost",
        canon:    "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://:@/",
        username: "",
        password: "",
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://:@localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://user@",
        username: "user",
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://user@localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://user:pass@",
        username: "user",
        password: "pass",
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://user:pass@localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://guest:pass@",
        username: "guest",
        password: "pass",
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://guest:pass@localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://host",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://host/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://:10000",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     10000,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://localhost:10000/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp:///vhost",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    "vhost",
        canon:    "amqp://localhost/vhost",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://host/",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://host/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://host/%2F",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    "/",
        canon:    "amqp://host/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://host/%2F%2F",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    "//",
        canon:    "amqp://host/%2F%2F",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    "/slash/",
        canon:    "amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "192.168.1.1",
        port:     1000,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[::1]",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "::1",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[::1]/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[::1]:1000",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "::1",
        port:     1000,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[::1]:1000/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[fe80::1]",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "fe80::1",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[fe80::1]/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[fe80::1]",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "fe80::1",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[fe80::1]/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "fe80::1%en0",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[fe80::1]:5671",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "fe80::1",
        port:     5671,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[fe80::1]:5671/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqps:///",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     schemePorts["amqps"],
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqps://localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqps://host:1000/",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     1000,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqps://host:1000/",
    },
}

func TestURISpec(t *testing.T) {
    for _, test := range uriTests {
        u, err := ParseURI(test.url) 
        if err != nil {
            t.Fatal("Could not parse spec URI: ", test.url, " err: ", err)
        }

        if test.username != u.Username {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " usernames do not match. want: ", test.username, " got: ", u.Username)
        }

        if test.password != u.Password {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " passwords do not match. want: ", test.password, " got: ", u.Password)
        }

        if test.host != u.Host {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " hosts do not match. want: ", test.host, " got: ", u.Host)
        }

        if test.port != u.Port {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " ports do not match. want: ", test.port, " got: ", u.Port)
        }

        if test.vhost != u.Vhost {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " vhosts do not match. want: ", test.vhost, " got: ", u.Vhost)
        }

        if test.canon != u.String() {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " canonical string does not match. want: ", test.canon, " got: ", u.String())
        }
    }
}

uriTests是我们定义的一个切片，只需要在测试函数中遍历以下即可。

5、测试覆盖率

测试覆盖率是应用程序中代码覆盖率的测量百分比。了解测试覆盖了多少代码很重要。通过这种方式，您可以看到代码的哪些部分您已经测试过，哪些部分我们没有测试过。

Go 的标准库提供了内置的测试覆盖来检查你的代码覆盖率。

我们修改下测试代码如下：

package uri

import (
    "testing"
)

// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html
type testURI struct {
    url      string
    username string
    password string
    host     string
    port     int
    vhost    string
    canon    string
}

var uriTests = []testURI{
    {
        url:      "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
        username: "user",
        password: "pass",
        host:     "host",
        port:     10000,
        vhost:    "vhost",
        canon:    "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://:@/",
        username: "",
        password: "",
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://:@localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://user@",
        username: "user",
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://user@localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://user:pass@",
        username: "user",
        password: "pass",
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://user:pass@localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://guest:pass@",
        username: "guest",
        password: "pass",
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://guest:pass@localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://host",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://host/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://:10000",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     10000,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://localhost:10000/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp:///vhost",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    "vhost",
        canon:    "amqp://localhost/vhost",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://host/",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://host/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://host/%2F",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    "/",
        canon:    "amqp://host/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://host/%2F%2F",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    "//",
        canon:    "amqp://host/%2F%2F",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    "/slash/",
        canon:    "amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "192.168.1.1",
        port:     1000,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[::1]",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "::1",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[::1]/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[::1]:1000",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "::1",
        port:     1000,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[::1]:1000/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[fe80::1]",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "fe80::1",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[fe80::1]/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[fe80::1]",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "fe80::1",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[fe80::1]/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "fe80::1%en0",
        port:     defaultURI.Port,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqp://[fe80::1]:5671",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "fe80::1",
        port:     5671,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqp://[fe80::1]:5671/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqps:///",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     defaultURI.Host,
        port:     schemePorts["amqps"],
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqps://localhost/",
    },

    {
        url:      "amqps://host:1000/",
        username: defaultURI.Username,
        password: defaultURI.Password,
        host:     "host",
        port:     1000,
        vhost:    defaultURI.Vhost,
        canon:    "amqps://host:1000/",
    },
}

func TestURISpec(t *testing.T) {
    for _, test := range uriTests {
        u, err := ParseURI(test.url)
        if err != nil {
            t.Fatal("Could not parse spec URI: ", test.url, " err: ", err)
        }

        if test.username != u.Username {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " usernames do not match. want: ", test.username, " got: ", u.Username)
        }

        if test.password != u.Password {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " passwords do not match. want: ", test.password, " got: ", u.Password)
        }

        if test.host != u.Host {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " hosts do not match. want: ", test.host, " got: ", u.Host)
        }

        if test.port != u.Port {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " ports do not match. want: ", test.port, " got: ", u.Port)
        }

        if test.vhost != u.Vhost {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " vhosts do not match. want: ", test.vhost, " got: ", u.Vhost)
        }

        if test.canon != u.String() {
            t.Error("For: ", test.url, " canonical string does not match. want: ", test.canon, " got: ", u.String())
        }
    }
}

func TestURIUnknownScheme(t *testing.T) {
    if _, err := ParseURI("http://example.com/"); err == nil {
        t.Fatal("Expected error when parsing non-amqp scheme")
    }
}

func TestURIScheme(t *testing.T) {
    if _, err := ParseURI("amqp://example.com/"); err != nil {
        t.Fatalf("Expected to parse amqp scheme, got %v", err)
    }

    if _, err := ParseURI("amqps://example.com/"); err != nil {
        t.Fatalf("Expected to parse amqps scheme, got %v", err)
    }
}

func TestURIWhitespace(t *testing.T) {
    if _, err := ParseURI("amqp://admin:PASSWORD@rabbitmq-service/ -http_port=8080"); err == nil {
        t.Fatal("Expected to fail if URI contains whitespace")
    }
}

func TestURIDefaults(t *testing.T) {
    url := "amqp://"
    uri, err := ParseURI(url)
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatal("Could not parse")
    }

    if uri.String() != "amqp://localhost/" {
        t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly got:", uri.String())
    }
}

func TestURIComplete(t *testing.T) {
    url := "amqp://bob:dobbs@foo.bar:5678/private"
    uri, err := ParseURI(url)
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatal("Could not parse")
    }

    if uri.String() != url {
        t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly want:", url, " got:", uri.String())
    }
}

func TestURIDefaultPortAmqpNotIncluded(t *testing.T) {
    url := "amqp://foo.bar:5672/"
    uri, err := ParseURI(url)
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatal("Could not parse")
    }

    if uri.String() != "amqp://foo.bar/" {
        t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly got:", uri.String())
    }
}

func TestURIDefaultPortAmqp(t *testing.T) {
    url := "amqp://foo.bar/"
    uri, err := ParseURI(url)
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatal("Could not parse")
    }

    if uri.Port != 5672 {
        t.Fatal("Default port not correct for amqp, got:", uri.Port)
    }
}

func TestURIDefaultPortAmqpsNotIncludedInString(t *testing.T) {
    url := "amqps://foo.bar:5671/"
    uri, err := ParseURI(url)
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatal("Could not parse")
    }

    if uri.String() != "amqps://foo.bar/" {
        t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly got:", uri.String())
    } else {
        t.Logf("ParseURI(%s) execute success\n", url)
    }
}

func TestURIDefaultPortAmqps(t *testing.T) {
    url := "amqps://foo.bar/"
    uri, err := ParseURI(url)
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatal("Could not parse")
    }

    if uri.Port != 5671 {
        t.Fatal("Default port not correct for amqps, got:", uri.Port)
    }
}

然后执行：

go test -cover               
PASS
coverage: 88.0% of statements
ok      go-demo/testexample/uri 0.385s

可以看到测试通过，覆盖率是88%。说明我们还有一些代码分支没有测试到，那我们如何去看这些没有覆盖到的代码分支呢？

很简单，还是go test命令：

go test -coverprofile=cover_out
PASS
coverage: 88.0% of statements
ok      go-demo/testexample/uri 0.119s

执行完成后我们可以看到目录中多了cover_out文件

tree              
.
├── cover_out
├── uri.go
└── uri_test.go

我们看下这个文件里能找到没有覆盖到的代码么？

mode: set
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:50.40,54.32 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:59.2,60.16 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:65.2,67.14 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:74.2,77.16 3 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:81.2,81.16 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:92.2,92.19 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:99.2,99.18 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:116.2,116.21 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:54.32,56.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:60.16,62.3 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:67.14,69.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:69.8,72.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:77.16,79.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:81.16,83.17 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:87.3,87.29 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:83.17,86.4 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:88.8,90.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:92.19,94.44 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:94.44,96.4 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:99.18,100.37 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:100.37,101.56 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:101.56,105.24 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:105.24,107.6 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:108.10,108.30 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:108.30,110.5 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:111.9,113.4 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:119.32,121.16 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:125.2,127.80 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:135.2,137.86 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:148.2,148.35 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:157.2,157.27 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:121.16,123.3 1 0
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:127.80,130.42 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:130.42,132.4 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:137.86,139.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:139.8,146.3 1 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:148.35,153.3 2 1
go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:153.8,155.3 1 1

看的我是一脸懵逼，不过别着急我们可以把这个文件转成我们想要的html格式：

go tool cover -html=cover_out -o cover_out.html

看下目录中是不是多了个html

tree
.
├── cover_out
├── cover_out.html
├── uri.go
└── uri_test.go

我们浏览器打开这个文件，会看到下面这个界面，不要太爽：

https://www.leyeah.com/upload/cms-images/2022/11/15/637339095a738.jpg

红色的就是代表我们测试没有覆盖到的。只需要丰富下测试代码，就可以做到100%覆盖了。这部分就由你自己完成吧。

6、基准测试

通过 Benchmarking，您可以衡量代码的性能并查看您对代码所做的更改的影响，从而优化您的源代码。

文件名必须以 Benchmark 前缀作为单元测试文件名约定。(BenchmarkSomething(*testing.B))

package uri

import (
    "testing"
)

// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html
type testURI struct {
    url      string
    username string
    password string
    host     string
    port     int
    vhost    string
    canon    string
}

var uriTest = testURI{
    url:      "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
    username: "user",
    password: "pass",
    host:     "host",
    port:     10000,
    vhost:    "vhost",
    canon:    "amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost",
}

func BenchmarkUri(b *testing.B) {
    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
        _, _ = ParseURI(uriTest.url)
    }

}
  • 基准函数必须带参数测试。B
  • Benchmark 必须运行 N 次testing.B提供（N 是整数类型，从 Go 调整）
  • 当提供 -bench 标志时，由“go test”命令执行。
  • 该-bench标志以正则表达式的形式接受其参数。

执行命令如下：

go test -bench=.                             
goos: darwin
goarch: amd64
pkg: go-demo/testexample/uri
cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4770HQ CPU @ 2.20GHz
BenchmarkUri-8           2041880               579.2 ns/op
PASS
ok      go-demo/testexample/uri 2.075s

基准测试结果意味着基准测试通过。循环运行 2041880 次，每个循环速度为 579.2 纳秒。

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