springboot 之集成RabbitMQ

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2023-03-03
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标签   RabbitMQ SpringBoot

前言

一直没机会做spring生态圈的框架，公司选择的是一些小众的微服务，鉴于此考虑，丰富自己的技术栈，花了两天时间从网上各网站上学习了springboot一些基础知识。 本章只介绍springboot微服务集成RabbitMQ，用于通过消息中间件给其他微服务发送消息。

环境准备

  • IntelliJ IDEA
  • 前一章中搭建的微服务框架

开始集成

  1. pom.xml中增加依赖包

img

依赖包.png

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
  1. 在application.yml中增加rabbit服务端信息：

img

yml配置.png

spring:
  #...
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
  1. 增加rabbit的配置类，定义所需要绑定的queue，exchange，routingkey，binding等

img

RabbitConfig.png

package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
/**
 * 类功能描述：<br>
 * Broker:它提供一种传输服务,它的角色就是维护一条从生产者到消费者的路线，保证数据能按照指定的方式进行传输,
 * Exchange：消息交换机,它指定消息按什么规则,路由到哪个队列。
 * Queue:消息的载体,每个消息都会被投到一个或多个队列。
 * Binding:绑定，它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来.
 * Routing Key:路由关键字,exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。
 * vhost:虚拟主机,一个broker里可以有多个vhost，用作不同用户的权限分离。
 * Producer:消息生产者,就是投递消息的程序.
 * Consumer:消息消费者,就是接受消息的程序.
 * Channel:消息通道,在客户端的每个连接里,可建立多个channel.
 * <ul>
 * <li>类功能描述1<br>
 * <li>类功能描述2<br>
 * <li>类功能描述3<br>
 * </ul>
 * 修改记录：<br>
 * <ul>
 * <li>修改记录描述1<br>
 * <li>修改记录描述2<br>
 * <li>修改记录描述3<br>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author xuefl
 * @version 5.0 since 2020-01-02
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
    //队列名
    public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE_NAME = "test_fanout_queue";
    public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE_NAME1 = "test_fanout_queue1";
    public static final String TEST_FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "testFanoutExchange";
 
    public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE_NAME = "test_direct_queue";
    public static final String TEST_DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "testDirectExchange";
    public static final String DIRECT_ROUTINGKEY = "test";
 
    public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME = "test_topic_queue";
    public static final String TEST_TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "testTopicExchange";
    public static final String TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY = "test.*";
 
    //创建队列
    @Bean
    public Queue createFanoutQueue() {
        return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_NAME);
    }
 
    //创建队列
    @Bean
    public Queue createFanoutQueue1() {
        return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_NAME1);
    }
 
    //创建队列
    @Bean
    public Queue createDirectQueue() {
        return new Queue(DIRECT_QUEUE_NAME);
    }
 
    //创建队列
    @Bean
    public Queue createTopicQueue() {
        return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME);
    }
 
    //创建交换机
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange defFanoutExchange() {
        return new FanoutExchange(TEST_FANOUT_EXCHANGE);
    }
 
    //队列与交换机进行绑定
    @Bean
    Binding bindingFanout() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(createFanoutQueue()).
                to(defFanoutExchange());
    }
 
    //队列与交换机进行绑定
    @Bean
    Binding bindingFanout1() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(createFanoutQueue1()).
                to(defFanoutExchange());
    }
 
    @Bean
    DirectExchange directExchange(){
        return new DirectExchange(TEST_DIRECT_EXCHANGE);
    }
 
    @Bean
    Binding bindingDirect() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(createDirectQueue()).
                to(directExchange()).
                with(DIRECT_ROUTINGKEY);
    }
 
    @Bean
    TopicExchange defTopicExchange(){
        return new TopicExchange(TEST_TOPIC_EXCHANGE);
    }
 
    @Bean
    Binding bindingTopic() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(createTopicQueue()).
                to(defTopicExchange()).
                with(TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY);
    }
}

此处定义了三种类型的queue，exchange，和routingkey，预先定义，并且将队列，绑定到指定Exchange上，定义其routingKey。并使用@Bean注解定义为实体

  1. 在demo下新增rabbitmq包，在其下新建MsgProducer和MsgConsumer类，定义消费者和生产者，用于消费队列和发送消息（此处为了自测，自己给自己发送消息，并由自己消费消息）

img

消费者.png

img

生产者.png

package com.example.demo.rabbitmq;
import com.example.demo.RabbitConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 
/**
 * 类功能描述：<br>
 * <ul>
 * <li>类功能描述1<br>
 * <li>类功能描述2<br>
 * <li>类功能描述3<br>
 * </ul>
 * 修改记录：<br>
 * <ul>
 * <li>修改记录描述1<br>
 * <li>修改记录描述2<br>
 * <li>修改记录描述3<br>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author xuefl
 * @version 5.0 since 2020-01-02
 */
@Component
@Slf4j
public class MsgConsumer {
 
    @RabbitListener(
            bindings =
            {
                    @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = RabbitConfig.FANOUT_QUEUE_NAME, durable = "true"),
                            exchange = @Exchange(value = RabbitConfig.TEST_FANOUT_EXCHANGE, type = "fanout"))
            })
    @RabbitHandler
    public void processFanoutMsg(Message massage) {
        String msg = new String(massage.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        log.info("received Fanout message : " + msg);
    }
 
    @RabbitListener(
            bindings =
            {
                    @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = RabbitConfig.FANOUT_QUEUE_NAME1, durable = "true"),
                            exchange = @Exchange(value = RabbitConfig.TEST_FANOUT_EXCHANGE, type = "fanout"))
            })
    @RabbitHandler
    public void processFanout1Msg(Message massage) {
        String msg = new String(massage.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        log.info("received Fanout1 message : " + msg);
    }
 
    @RabbitListener(
            bindings =
            {
                    @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = RabbitConfig.DIRECT_QUEUE_NAME, durable = "true"),
                            exchange = @Exchange(value = RabbitConfig.TEST_DIRECT_EXCHANGE),
                            key = RabbitConfig.DIRECT_ROUTINGKEY)
            })
    @RabbitHandler
    public void processDirectMsg(Message massage) {
        String msg = new String(massage.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        log.info("received Direct message : " + msg);
    }
 
    @RabbitListener(
            bindings =
            {
                    @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = RabbitConfig.TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME, durable = "true"),
                            exchange = @Exchange(value = RabbitConfig.TEST_TOPIC_EXCHANGE, type = "topic"),
                            key = RabbitConfig.TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY)
            })
    @RabbitHandler
    public void processTopicMsg(Message massage) {
        String msg = new String(massage.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        log.info("received Topic message : " + msg);
    }
 
}
package com.example.demo.rabbitmq;
import com.example.demo.RabbitConfig;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
/**
 * 类功能描述：<br>
 * <ul>
 * <li>类功能描述1<br>
 * <li>类功能描述2<br>
 * <li>类功能描述3<br>
 * </ul>
 * 修改记录：<br>
 * <ul>
 * <li>修改记录描述1<br>
 * <li>修改记录描述2<br>
 * <li>修改记录描述3<br>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author xuefl
 * @version 5.0 since 2020-01-02
 */
@Component
public class MsgProducer {
 
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
 
    public void send2FanoutTestQueue(String massage){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.TEST_FANOUT_EXCHANGE,
                "", massage);
    }
 
    public void send2DirectTestQueue(String massage){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.TEST_DIRECT_EXCHANGE,
                RabbitConfig.DIRECT_ROUTINGKEY, massage);
    }
 
    public void send2TopicTestAQueue(String massage){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.TEST_TOPIC_EXCHANGE,
                "test.aaa", massage);
    }
 
    public void send2TopicTestBQueue(String massage){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.TEST_TOPIC_EXCHANGE,
                "test.bbb", massage);
    }
 
}

消费者类中通过@RabbitListener和@RabbitHandler注解将一个方法定义为消息监听的方法，使用方法如下

img

注解.png

@RabbitListener可以通过定义bindings={@QueueBinding}，@QueueBinding可以通过赋值value=@Queue(value = RabbitConfig.FANOUT_QUEUE_NAME, durable = "true")定义出消息队列名，@QueueBinding也可以通过赋值exchange=@Exchange(value = RabbitConfig.TEST_FANOUT_EXCHANGE, type = "fanout")来定义当前方法所监听的Exchange，以及类型，类型默认是direct

  1. 定义controller，在controller下新建RabbitMQController类，定义几个接口

img

RabbitMQController.png

package com.example.demo.controller;
import com.example.demo.rabbitmq.MsgProducer;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 
/**
 * 类功能描述：<br>
 * <ul>
 * <li>类功能描述1<br>
 * <li>类功能描述2<br>
 * <li>类功能描述3<br>
 * </ul>
 * 修改记录：<br>
 * <ul>
 * <li>修改记录描述1<br>
 * <li>修改记录描述2<br>
 * <li>修改记录描述3<br>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author xuefl
 * @version 5.0 since 2020-01-02
 */
@RequestMapping("/rabbit")
@Controller
@Slf4j
@Api(value = "SwaggerValue", tags={"RabbitMQController"},description = "swagger应用",  produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
public class RabbitMQController {
 
    @Autowired
    private MsgProducer msgProducer;
 
    @GetMapping(value = "/sendFanout")
    @ResponseBody
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public void sendMsg(){
        msgProducer.send2FanoutTestQueue("this is a test fanout message!");
    }
 
    @GetMapping(value = "/sendDirect")
    @ResponseBody
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public void sendDirectMsg(){
        msgProducer.send2DirectTestQueue("this is a test direct message!");
    }
 
    @GetMapping(value = "/sendDirectA")
    @ResponseBody
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public void sendTopicAMsg(){
        msgProducer.send2TopicTestAQueue("this is a test topic aaa message!");
    }
 
    @GetMapping(value = "/sendTopicB")
    @ResponseBody
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public void sendTopicBMsg(){
        msgProducer.send2TopicTestBQueue("this is a test topic bbb message!");
    }
}

此接口用于自测试，测试消息发送。

  1. 启动服务，通过接口开始测试，打开swagger界面，http://localhost:8081/api

img

运行日志.png 此教程仅提供了rabbitmq的初级用法。

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