本文主要通过整合SpringSecurity和JWT实现后台用户的登录和授权功能，同时改造Swagger-UI的配置使其可以自动记住登录令牌进行发送。

项目使用框架介绍

SpringSecurity

JWT

JWT是JSON WEB TOKEN的缩写，它是基于 RFC 7519 标准定义的一种可以安全传输的的JSON对象，由于使用了数字签名，所以是可信任和安全的。

JWT的组成

• JWT token的格式：header.payload.signature
• header中用于存放签名的生成算法

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 {"alg": "HS"} 

• payload中用于存放用户名、token的生成时间和过期时间

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 {"sub":"admin","created":,"exp":1489684781} 

• signature为以header和payload生成的签名，一旦header和payload被篡改，验证将失败

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 //secret为加密算法的密钥
String signature = HMACSHA(base64UrlEncode(header) + "." +base64UrlEncode(payload),secret) 

JWT实例

这是一个JWT的字符串

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 eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImNyZWF0ZWQiOjE1NTY3NzkxMjUzMDksImV4cCI6MTU1NzM4MzkyNX0.d-iki0193X0bBOETf2UN3r3PotNIEAV7mzIxxeI5IxFyzzkOZxS0PGfF_SK6wxCv2K8S0cZjMkv6b5bCqc0VBw

可以在该网站上获得解析结果：

JWT实现认证和授权的原理

• 用户调用登录接口，登录成功后获取到JWT的token；
• 之后用户每次调用接口都在http的header中添加一个叫Authorization的头，值为JWT的token；
• 后台程序通过对Authorization头中信息的解码及数字签名校验来获取其中的用户信息，从而实现认证和授权。

Hutool

Hutool是一个丰富的Java开源工具包,它帮助我们简化每一行代码，减少每一个方法，mall项目采用了此工具包。

项目使用表说明

• u_admin：用户表
• u_role：角色表
• u_permission：权限表
• u_admin_role_relation：用户和角色关系表，用户与角色是多对多关系
• u_role_permission_relation：角色和权限关系表，角色与权限是多对多关系
• u_admin_permission_relation：用户和权限关系表(除角色中定义的权限以外的加减权限)，加权限是指用户比角色多出的权限，减权限是指用户比角色少的权限

整合SpringSecurity及JWT

在pom.xml中添加项目依赖

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 <!--SpringSecurity依赖配置-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Hutool Java工具包-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
    <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
    <version>.5.7</version>
</dependency>
<!--JWT(Json Web Token)登录支持-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>.9.0</version>
</dependency> 

添加JWT token的工具类

用于生成和解析JWT token的工具类

相关API方法说明：

• generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) :用于根据登录用户信息生成token
• getUserNameFromToken(String token)：从token中获取登录用户的信息
• validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails)：判断token是否还有效

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 /**
 * JwtToken生成的工具类
 */@Component
public class JwtTokenUtil {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtTokenUtil.class);
    private static final String CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME = "sub";
    private static final String CLAIM_KEY_CREATED = "created";
    @Value("${jwt.secret}")
    private String secret;
    @Value("${jwt.expiration}")
    private Long expiration;
 
    /**
     * 根据负责生成JWT的token
     */    private String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .setClaims(claims)
                .setExpiration(generateExpirationDate())
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS, secret)
                .compact();
    }
 
    /**
     * 从token中获取JWT中的负载
     */    private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
        Claims claims = null;
        try {
            claims = Jwts.parser()
                    .setSigningKey(secret)
                    .parseClaimsJws(token)
                    .getBody();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            LOGGER.info("JWT格式验证失败:{}",token);
        }
        return claims;
    }
 
    /**
     * 生成token的过期时间
     */    private Date generateExpirationDate() {
        return new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration *);
    }
 
    /**
     * 从token中获取登录用户名
     */    public String getUserNameFromToken(String token) {
        String username;
        try {
            Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
            username =  claims.getSubject();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            username = null;
        }
        return username;
    }
 
    /**
     * 验证token是否还有效
     *
     * @param token       客户端传入的token
     * @param userDetails 从数据库中查询出来的用户信息
     */    public boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
        String username = getUserNameFromToken(token);
        return username.equals(userDetails.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token);
    }
 
    /**
     * 判断token是否已经失效
     */    private boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
        Date expiredDate = getExpiredDateFromToken(token);
        return expiredDate.before(new Date());
    }
 
    /**
     * 从token中获取过期时间
     */    private Date getExpiredDateFromToken(String token) {
        Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
        return claims.getExpiration();
    }
 
    /**
     * 根据用户信息生成token
     */    public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
        Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
        claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME, userDetails.getUsername());
        claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_CREATED, new Date());
        return generateToken(claims);
    }
 
    /**
     * 判断token是否可以被刷新
     */    public boolean canRefresh(String token) {
        return !isTokenExpired(token);
    }
 
    /**
     * 刷新token
     */    public String refreshToken(String token) {
        Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
        claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_CREATED, new Date());
        return generateToken(claims);
    }
} 

添加SpringSecurity的配置类

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 /**
 * SpringSecurity的配置
 */@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled=true)
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Autowired
    private UmsAdminService adminService;
    @Autowired
    private RestfulAccessDeniedHandler restfulAccessDeniedHandler;
    @Autowired
    private RestAuthenticationEntryPoint restAuthenticationEntryPoint;
 
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception {
        httpSecurity.csrf()// 由于使用的是JWT，我们这里不需要csrf
                .disable()
                .sessionManagement()// 基于token，所以不需要session
                .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
                .and()
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, // 允许对于网站静态资源的无授权访问
                        "/",
                        "/*.html",
                        "/favicon.ico",
                        "/**/*.html",
                        "/**/*.css",
                        "/**/*.js",
                        "/swagger-resources/**",
                        "/v/api-docs/**"
                )
                .permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/admin/login", "/admin/register")// 对登录注册要允许匿名访问
                .permitAll()
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS)//跨域请求会先进行一次options请求
                .permitAll()
        //                .antMatchers("/**")//测试时全部运行访问
        //                .permitAll()
                .anyRequest()// 除上面外的所有请求全部需要鉴权认证
                .authenticated();
        // 禁用缓存
        httpSecurity.headers().cacheControl();
        // 添加JWT filter
        httpSecurity.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
        //添加自定义未授权和未登录结果返回
        httpSecurity.exceptionHandling()
                .accessDeniedHandler(restfulAccessDeniedHandler)
                .authenticationEntryPoint(restAuthenticationEntryPoint);
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService())
                .passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
    }
 
    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
 
    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        //获取登录用户信息
        return username -> {
            UmsAdmin admin = adminService.getAdminByUsername(username);
            if (admin != null) {
                List<UmsPermission> permissionList = adminService.getPermissionList(admin.getId());
                return new AdminUserDetails(admin,permissionList);
            }
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名或密码错误");
        };
    }
 
    @Bean
    public JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(){
        return new JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter();
    }
 
    @Bean
    @Override
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
        return super.authenticationManagerBean();
    }
 
}

相关依赖及方法说明

• configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity)：用于配置需要拦截的url路径、jwt过滤器及出异常后的处理器；
• configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth)：用于配置UserDetailsService及PasswordEncoder；
• RestfulAccessDeniedHandler：当用户没有访问权限时的处理器，用于返回JSON格式的处理结果；
• RestAuthenticationEntryPoint：当未登录或token失效时，返回JSON格式的结果；
• UserDetailsService:SpringSecurity定义的核心接口，用于根据用户名获取用户信息，需要自行实现；
• UserDetails：SpringSecurity定义用于封装用户信息的类（主要是用户信息和权限），需要自行实现；
• PasswordEncoder：SpringSecurity定义的用于对密码进行编码及比对的接口，目前使用的是BCryptPasswordEncoder；
• JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter：在用户名和密码校验前添加的过滤器，如果有jwt的token，会自行根据token信息进行登录。

添加RestfulAccessDeniedHandler

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 /**
 * 当访问接口没有权限时，自定义的返回结果
 */@Component
public class RestfulAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler{
    @Override
    public void handle(HttpServletRequest request,
                       HttpServletResponse response,
                       AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-");
        response.setContentType("application/json");
        response.getWriter().println(JSONUtil.parse(CommonResult.forbidden(e.getMessage())));
        response.getWriter().flush();
    }
}

添加RestAuthenticationEntryPoint

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 /**
 * 当未登录或者token失效访问接口时，自定义的返回结果
 */@Component
public class RestAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
    @Override
    public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException {
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-");
        response.setContentType("application/json");
        response.getWriter().println(JSONUtil.parse(CommonResult.unauthorized(authException.getMessage())));
        response.getWriter().flush();
    }
}

添加AdminUserDetails

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 /**
 * SpringSecurity需要的用户详情
 */public class AdminUserDetails implements UserDetails {
    private UmsAdmin umsAdmin;
    private List<UmsPermission> permissionList;
    public AdminUserDetails(UmsAdmin umsAdmin, List<UmsPermission> permissionList) {
        this.umsAdmin = umsAdmin;
        this.permissionList = permissionList;
    }
 
    @Override
    public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
        //返回当前用户的权限
        return permissionList.stream()
                .filter(permission -> permission.getValue()!=null)
                .map(permission ->new SimpleGrantedAuthority(permission.getValue()))
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
 
    @Override
    public String getPassword() {
        return umsAdmin.getPassword();
    }
 
    @Override
    public String getUsername() {
        return umsAdmin.getUsername();
    }
 
    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
        return true;
    }
 
    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
        return true;
    }
 
    @Override
    public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
        return true;
    }
 
    @Override
    public boolean isEnabled() {
        return umsAdmin.getStatus().equals();
    }
}

添加JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter

在用户名和密码校验前添加的过滤器，如果请求中有jwt的token且有效，会取出token中的用户名，然后调用SpringSecurity的API进行登录操作。

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 /**
 * JWT登录授权过滤器
 */public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter.class);
    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
    @Value("${jwt.tokenHeader}")
    private String tokenHeader;
    @Value("${jwt.tokenHead}")
    private String tokenHead;
 
    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
                                    HttpServletResponse response,
                                    FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String authHeader = request.getHeader(this.tokenHeader);
        if (authHeader != null && authHeader.startsWith(this.tokenHead)) {
            String authToken = authHeader.substring(this.tokenHead.length());// The part after "Bearer "
            String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUserNameFromToken(authToken);
            LOGGER.info("checking username:{}", username);
            if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
                UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
                if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authToken, userDetails)) {
                    UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
                    authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
                    LOGGER.info("authenticated user:{}", username);
                    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
                }
            }
        }
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
} 

登录注册功能实现

添加UmsAdminController类

实现了后台用户登录、注册及获取权限的接口

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 /**
 * 后台用户管理
 */@Controller
@Api(tags = "UmsAdminController", description = "后台用户管理")
@RequestMapping("/admin")
public class UmsAdminController {
    @Autowired
    private UmsAdminService adminService;
    @Value("${jwt.tokenHeader}")
    private String tokenHeader;
    @Value("${jwt.tokenHead}")
    private String tokenHead;
 
    @ApiOperation(value = "用户注册")
    @RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public CommonResult<UmsAdmin> register(@RequestBody UmsAdmin umsAdminParam, BindingResult result) {
        UmsAdmin umsAdmin = adminService.register(umsAdminParam);
        if (umsAdmin == null) {
            CommonResult.failed();
        }
        return CommonResult.success(umsAdmin);
    }
 
    @ApiOperation(value = "登录以后返回token")
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public CommonResult login(@RequestBody UmsAdminLoginParam umsAdminLoginParam, BindingResult result) {
        String token = adminService.login(umsAdminLoginParam.getUsername(), umsAdminLoginParam.getPassword());
        if (token == null) {
            return CommonResult.validateFailed("用户名或密码错误");
        }
        Map<String, String> tokenMap = new HashMap<>();
        tokenMap.put("token", token);
        tokenMap.put("tokenHead", tokenHead);
        return CommonResult.success(tokenMap);
    }
 
    @ApiOperation("获取用户所有权限（包括+-权限）")
    @RequestMapping(value = "/permission/{adminId}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public CommonResult<List<UmsPermission>> getPermissionList(@PathVariable Long adminId) {
        List<UmsPermission> permissionList = adminService.getPermissionList(adminId);
        return CommonResult.success(permissionList);
    }
} 

添加UmsAdminService接口

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 /**
 * 后台管理员Service
 */public interface UmsAdminService {
    /**
     * 根据用户名获取后台管理员
     */    UmsAdmin getAdminByUsername(String username);
 
    /**
     * 注册功能
     */    UmsAdmin register(UmsAdmin umsAdminParam);
 
    /**
     * 登录功能
     * @param username 用户名
     * @param password 密码
     * @return 生成的JWT的token
     */    String login(String username, String password);
 
    /**
     * 获取用户所有权限（包括角色权限和+-权限）
     */    List<UmsPermission> getPermissionList(Long adminId);
}

添加UmsAdminServiceImpl类

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 /**
 * UmsAdminService实现类
 */@Service
public class UmsAdminServiceImpl implements UmsAdminService {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UmsAdminServiceImpl.class);
    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
    @Autowired
    private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
    @Value("${jwt.tokenHead}")
    private String tokenHead;
    @Autowired
    private UmsAdminMapper adminMapper;
    @Autowired
    private UmsAdminRoleRelationDao adminRoleRelationDao;
 
    @Override
    public UmsAdmin getAdminByUsername(String username) {
        UmsAdminExample example = new UmsAdminExample();
        example.createCriteria().andUsernameEqualTo(username);
        List<UmsAdmin> adminList = adminMapper.selectByExample(example);
        if (adminList != null && adminList.size() >) {
            return adminList.get();
        }
        return null;
    }
 
    @Override
    public UmsAdmin register(UmsAdmin umsAdminParam) {
        UmsAdmin umsAdmin = new UmsAdmin();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(umsAdminParam, umsAdmin);
        umsAdmin.setCreateTime(new Date());
        umsAdmin.setStatus();
        //查询是否有相同用户名的用户
        UmsAdminExample example = new UmsAdminExample();
        example.createCriteria().andUsernameEqualTo(umsAdmin.getUsername());
        List<UmsAdmin> umsAdminList = adminMapper.selectByExample(example);
        if (umsAdminList.size() >) {
            return null;
        }
        //将密码进行加密操作
        String encodePassword = passwordEncoder.encode(umsAdmin.getPassword());
        umsAdmin.setPassword(encodePassword);
        adminMapper.insert(umsAdmin);
        return umsAdmin;
    }
 
    @Override
    public String login(String username, String password) {
        String token = null;
        try {
            UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
            if (!passwordEncoder.matches(password, userDetails.getPassword())) {
                throw new BadCredentialsException("密码不正确");
            }
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
            token = jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails);
        } catch (AuthenticationException e) {
            LOGGER.warn("登录异常:{}", e.getMessage());
        }
        return token;
    }
 
 
    @Override
    public List<UmsPermission> getPermissionList(Long adminId) {
        return adminRoleRelationDao.getPermissionList(adminId);
    }
} 

Controller中如何操作

例如操作PmsBrandController接口中的方法添加访问权限

• 给查询接口添加pms:brand:read权限
• 给修改接口添加pms:brand:update权限
• 给删除接口添加pms:brand:delete权限
• 给添加接口添加pms:brand:create权限

例子：

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 @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('pms:brand:read')")
public CommonResult<List<PmsBrand>> getBrandList() {
    return CommonResult.success(brandService.listAllBrand());
}