路由定义为GET

Route::get('/export', [OrderController::class, 'export']);

控制器转发

public function export(Request $request): BinaryFileResponse
{
     return Excel::download(new OrderExport($request->get('status', -1)), 'order.xlsx');
}

业务代码

<?php

namespace App\Exports;

use App\Models\Order;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromCollection;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithColumnFormatting;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithHeadings;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithMapping;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\Date;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Style\NumberFormat;

/**
 * 派单导出
 */
class OrderExport implements FromCollection, WithHeadings, WithColumnFormatting, WithMapping
{
    public $status;

    //接受参数 
    public function __construct(int $status)
    {
        $this->status = $status;
    }

    /**
     * 数据源
     * @return Collection
     */ 
    public function collection(): Collection
    {
        $query = Order::query();
        if ($this->status != -1) {
            $query->where('status', $this->status);
        }
        return $query->get();
    }

    /**
     * 自定义表头
     * @return string[]
     */ 
    public function headings(): array
    {
        return [
            '编号',
            '创建人',
            '中队长',
            '人员',
            '名称',
            '备注',
            '状态',
            '创建时间',
            '更新时间'
        ];
    }

    /**
     * 设置单元格时间格式
     * @return array
     */ 
    public function columnFormats(): array
    {
        return [
            'H' => NumberFormat::FORMAT_DATE_YYYYMMDD,
            'I' => NumberFormat::FORMAT_DATE_YYYYMMDD,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * 自定义数据列
     * @param mixed $row
     * @return array
     */ 
    public function map($row): array
    {
        return [
            $row->id,
            $row->founder->name ?? '无',
            $row->squadron->name ?? '无',
            $row->player->name ?? '无',
            $row->name,
            $row->remark ?: '无',
            $this->statusMap($row->status),
            Date::dateTimeToExcel($row->created_at),
            Date::dateTimeToExcel($row->updated_at),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * 状态转化
     * @param $status
     * @return string
     */ 
    public function statusMap($status): string
    {
        switch ($status) {
            case 0:
                $statusText = '待处理';
                break;
            case 1:
                $statusText = '处理中';
                break;
            case 2:
                $statusText = '待审核';
                break;
            case 3:
                $statusText = '已完成';
                break;
            default:
                $statusText = '未知';
        }
        return $statusText;
    }
}