一. 安装验证码composer扩展包

1.安装扩展包：

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composer require mews/captcha

2.生成配置文件，并选择Mews\Captcha\CaptchaServiceProvider 代表的数字回车

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php artisan vendor:publish

3.修改config/captcha.php ,修改flat长度为4位

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<?php
 
return [
    'characters' => ['2', '3', '4', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'q', 'r', 't', 'u', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'M', 'N', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'T', 'U', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'],
    'default' => [
        'length' => 9,
        'width' => 120,
        'height' => 36,
        'quality' => 90,
        'math' => false,
    ],
    'math' => [
        'length' => 9,
        'width' => 120,
        'height' => 36,
        'quality' => 90,
        'math' => true,
    ],
 
    'flat' => [
        'length' => 4,
        'width' => 160,
        'height' => 46,
        'quality' => 90,
        'lines' => 6,
        'bgImage' => false,
        'bgColor' => '#ecf2f4',
        'fontColors' => ['#2c3e50', '#c0392b', '#16a085', '#c0392b', '#8e44ad', '#303f9f', '#f57c00', '#795548'],
        'contrast' => -5,
    ],
    'mini' => [
        'length' => 3,
        'width' => 60,
        'height' => 32,
    ],
    'inverse' => [
        'length' => 5,
        'width' => 120,
        'height' => 36,
        'quality' => 90,
        'sensitive' => true,
        'angle' => 12,
        'sharpen' => 10,
        'blur' => 2,
        'invert' => true,
        'contrast' => -5,
    ]
];

4.修改注册模板，添加验证码（resources/views/auth/register.blade.php）

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<div class="form-group row"> 
     <label for="captcha" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right">验证码</label> 
         <div class="col-md-6"> 
            <input id="captcha" class="form-control{{ $errors->has('captcha') ? ' is-invalid' : '' }}" name="captcha" required> 
             <img class="thumbnail captcha mt-3 mb-2" src="{{ captcha_src('flat') }}" onclick="this.src='/captcha/flat?'+Math.random()" title="点击图片重新获取验证码">
                @if ($errors->has('captcha'))
                    <span class="invalid-feedback" role="alert"> 
                        <strong>{{ $errors->first('captcha') }}</strong> 
                       </span>
                   @endif
           </div>
</div>

5.后端添加验证码captcha验证（app/Http/Controllers/Auth/RegisterController.php）

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protected function validator(array $data)
    {
        return Validator::make($data, [
            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
            'email' => ['required', 'string', 'email', 'max:255', 'unique:users'],
            'password' => ['required', 'string', 'min:8', 'confirmed'],
            'captcha' => ['required', 'captcha'],
        ], [
            'captcha.required' => '验证码不能为空',
            'captcha.captcha' => '请输入正确的验证码',
        ]);
    }

6.预览效果