前提
要确保代码能运行，请确认你安装了相关的python库
在python命令行中运行如下命令：
pip install tkinter
参考书籍：tkinter菜鸟编程
具体讲解
导入相关库
| from tkinter import * | |
| from random import * | |
| import time |
定义球类
| class Ball: | |
| def __init__(self, canvas, color, winW, winH, racket): | |
| self.canvas = canvas | |
| self.racket = racket | |
| self.id = canvas.create_oval(0, 0, 20, 20, fill=color) | |
| self.canvas.move(self.id, winW/2, winH/2) | |
| startPos = [-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4] | |
| shuffle(startPos) | |
| self.x = startPos[0] | |
| self.y = -step | |
| self.notTouchBottom= True | |
| def hitRacket(self, ballPos): | |
| racketPos = self.canvas.coords(self.racket.id) | |
| if ballPos[2] >= racketPos[0] and ballPos[0] <= racketPos[2]: | |
| if ballPos[3] >= racketPos[1] and ballPos[3] <= racketPos[3]: | |
| return True | |
| return False | |
| def ballMove(self): | |
| self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y) | |
| ballPos = self.canvas.coords(self.id) | |
| if ballPos[0] <= 0: | |
| self.x = step | |
| if ballPos[1] <= 0: | |
| self.y = step | |
| if ballPos[2] >= winW: | |
| self.x = -step | |
| if self.hitRacket(ballPos) == True: | |
| self.y = -step | |
| if ballPos[3] >= winH: | |
| self.notTouchBottom = False |
这个球类有三个方法，初始化，击中挡板和移动
初始化方法里主要定义小球以及将挡板引入(方便判断碰撞事件)，还初定义了球的移动
击中挡板方法里定义了小球与挡板的碰撞事件，将在后续代码里处理
移动方法则定义了小球的移动，以及与窗口边缘触碰后发生的事件
定义挡板类
| class Racket: | |
| def __init__(self, canvas, color): | |
| self.canvas = canvas | |
| self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 15, fill=color) | |
| self.canvas.move(self.id, 270, 400) | |
| self.x = 0 | |
| self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.moveRight) | |
| self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.moveLeft) | |
| def racketMove(self): | |
| self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0) | |
| racketPos = self.canvas.coords(self.id) | |
| if racketPos[0] <= 0: | |
| self.x = 0 | |
| elif racketPos[2] >= winW: | |
| self.x = 0 | |
| def moveLeft(self, event): | |
| self.x = -3 | |
| def moveRight(self, event): | |
| self.x = 3 |
挡板类有四个方法，初始化方法，挡板移动方法，向左和向右方法
初始化方法定义了挡板的基础数值和监听键盘按下左和右的事件
挡板移动方法则处理了当挡板超过窗口边界发生的事
向左向右方法顾名思义
定义窗口大小等参数
| winW = 640 | |
| winH = 480 | |
| step = 3 | |
| speed = 0.01 |
定义了高度宽度，步长，速度
对象实例化
| tk = Tk() | |
| tk.title("Bouncing Ball") | |
| tk.wm_attributes('-topmost', 1) | |
| canvas = Canvas(tk, width=winW, height=winH) | |
| canvas.pack() | |
| tk.update() | |
| racket = Racket(canvas, 'purple') | |
| ball = Ball(canvas, 'yellow', winW, winH, racket) |
创建窗口并且给球和挡板类创建实例化对象
循环监听事件
| while ball.notTouchBottom: | |
| try: | |
| ball.ballMove() | |
| except: | |
| print("单击关闭按钮终止程序执行") | |
| break | |
| racket.racketMove() | |
| tk.update() | |
| time.sleep(speed) |
我们创建循环以便监听按键，退出游戏等事件
最终代码和最终效果
最终代码
| from tkinter import * | |
| from random import * | |
| import time | |
| class Ball: | |
| def __init__(self, canvas, color, winW, winH, racket): | |
| self.canvas = canvas | |
| self.racket = racket | |
| self.id = canvas.create_oval(0, 0, 20, 20, fill=color) | |
| self.canvas.move(self.id, winW/2, winH/2) | |
| startPos = [-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4] | |
| shuffle(startPos) | |
| self.x = startPos[0] | |
| self.y = -step | |
| self.notTouchBottom= True | |
| def hitRacket(self, ballPos): | |
| racketPos = self.canvas.coords(self.racket.id) | |
| if ballPos[2] >= racketPos[0] and ballPos[0] <= racketPos[2]: | |
| if ballPos[3] >= racketPos[1] and ballPos[3] <= racketPos[3]: | |
| return True | |
| return False | |
| def ballMove(self): | |
| self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y) | |
| ballPos = self.canvas.coords(self.id) | |
| if ballPos[0] <= 0: | |
| self.x = step | |
| if ballPos[1] <= 0: | |
| self.y = step | |
| if ballPos[2] >= winW: | |
| self.x = -step | |
| if self.hitRacket(ballPos) == True: | |
| self.y = -step | |
| if ballPos[3] >= winH: | |
| self.notTouchBottom = False | |
| class Racket: | |
| def __init__(self, canvas, color): | |
| self.canvas = canvas | |
| self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 15, fill=color) | |
| self.canvas.move(self.id, 270, 400) | |
| self.x = 0 | |
| self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.moveRight) | |
| self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.moveLeft) | |
| def racketMove(self): | |
| self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0) | |
| racketPos = self.canvas.coords(self.id) | |
| if racketPos[0] <= 0: | |
| self.x = 0 | |
| elif racketPos[2] >= winW: | |
| self.x = 0 | |
| def moveLeft(self, event): | |
| self.x = -3 | |
| def moveRight(self, event): | |
| self.x = 3 | |
| winW = 640 | |
| winH = 480 | |
| step = 3 | |
| speed = 0.01 | |
| tk = Tk() | |
| tk.title("Bouncing Ball") | |
| tk.wm_attributes('-topmost', 1) | |
| canvas = Canvas(tk, width=winW, height=winH) | |
| canvas.pack() | |
| tk.update() | |
| racket = Racket(canvas, 'purple') | |
| ball = Ball(canvas, 'yellow', winW, winH, racket) | |
| while ball.notTouchBottom: | |
| try: | |
| ball.ballMove() | |
| except: | |
| print("单击关闭按钮终止程序执行") | |
| break | |
| racket.racketMove() | |
| tk.update() | |
| time.sleep(speed) |
最终效果
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