Redis 发布订阅
Redis 发布订阅可以用在像消息通知,群聊,定向推送,参数刷新加载等业务场景
发布订阅模型有三个角色:
- 发布者(Publisher)
- 订阅者(Subscriber)
- 频道(channel)
每个订阅者可以订阅多个频道,发布者可以在某个频道里发布消息,订阅者会接受到自己订阅频道里发布的消息。
相关命令(参考)
publish channel message 发布消息 subscribe [channel] 订阅频道 unsubscribe [channel] 取消订阅 psubscribe [pattern...] 订阅指定模式的频道 punsubscribe [pattern...] 退订指定模式的频道 pubsub channels 列出至少有一个订阅者的频道 pubsub numsub [channel...] 列表给定频道的订阅者数量 pubsub numpat 列表被订阅模式的数量
在终端使用示例
# 在 终端1 订阅cctv1
127.0.0.1:8100> subscribe cctv1
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1) "subscribe"
2) "cctv1"
3) (integer) 1
# 在 终端2 向cctv1 发布消息
127.0.0.1:8100> publish cctv1 "this is cctv1"
(integer) 1
# 终端1 接受到终端2发的消息
127.0.0.1:8100> subscribe cctv1
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1) "subscribe"
2) "cctv1"
3) (integer) 1
1) "message"
2) "cctv1"
3) "this is cctv1"
python 实现
from PublishAndSubscribe.Channel import Channel
from PublishAndSubscribe.RedisTool import RedisTool
class Subscriber:
def __init__(self, conn):
self._conn = conn
def subscribe(self, channel: Channel):
# 获取发布/订阅对象
pub = self._conn.pubsub()
# 选择要订阅的频道
pub.subscribe(channel.name)
while True:
# 接收消息
msg = pub.parse_response()
print(msg)
if __name__ == '__main__':
client = RedisTool.redis_connection("0.0.0.0", 8100, "password")
cctv1 = Channel("CCTV1")
Subscriber(client).subscribe(cctv1)
from PublishAndSubscribe.Channel import Channel
from PublishAndSubscribe.RedisTool import RedisTool
class Publisher:
def __init__(self, conn):
self._conn = conn
def publish(self, channel: Channel, mess: str):
# 向特定频道发布消息
self._conn.publish(channel.name, mess)
if __name__ == '__main__':
cctv1 = Channel("CCTV1")
client = RedisTool.redis_connection("0.0.0.0", 8100, "password")
publisher = Publisher(client)
while True:
publisher.publish(cctv1, input("请输入要发送的消息:"))
class Channel:
def __init__(self, name: str):
self.name = name
import redis
class RedisTool:
@staticmethod
def redis_connection(address: str, port: int, password: str):
"""
用来连接Redis
Args:
address: Redis 服务端IP地址
port: [int] Redis 服务端口
password: Redis client 登录凭证
Return:
type[Redis]: 返回一个redis对象
"""
return redis.StrictRedis(address, port, password=password)
- 为了简便在订阅者和发布者两处都实例化了一个“CCTV1”的频道,虽然用起来不会有什么问题(Redis中简单的通过字符串区分频道),但在实际中这应该是同一个对象。