JavaScript实现手写promise的示例代码

JavaScript/前端
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2023-05-06
标签   Promise
目录
  • 背景
  • 需求
  • then的链式调用
  • Promise.all

背景

promise 作为前端开发中常用的函数,解决了 js 处理异步时回调地狱的问题,大家应该也不陌生了,今天来学习一下 promise 的实现过程,这样可以加(面)深(试)理(要)解(考)。

需求

我们先来总结一下 promise 的特性:

使用:

const p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  console.log('1');
  resolve('成功了');
})

console.log("2");

const p2 = p1.then(data => {
  console.log('3')
  throw new Error('失败了')
})

const p3 = p2.then(data => {
  console.log('success', data)
}, err => {
  console.log('4', err)
})

以上的示例可以看出 promise 的一些特点,也就是我们本次要做的事情:

  • 在调用 Promise 时,会返回一个 Promise 对象,包含了一些熟悉和方法(all/resolve/reject/then…)
  • 构建 Promise 对象时,需要传入一个 executor 函数,接受两个参数,分别是resolve和reject,Promise 的主要业务流程都在 executor 函数中执行。
  • 如果运行在 excutor 函数中的业务执行成功了,会调用 resolve 函数;如果执行失败了,则调用 reject 函数。
  • promise 有三个状态:pending,fulfilled,rejected,默认是 pending。只能从pending到rejected, 或者从pending到fulfilled,状态一旦确认,就不会再改变;
  • promise 有一个then方法,接收两个参数,分别是成功的回调 onFulfilled, 和失败的回调 onRejected。
// 三个状态:PENDING、FULFILLED、REJECTED
const PENDING = "PENDING";
const FULFILLED = "FULFILLED";
const REJECTED = "REJECTED";

class Promise {
  constructor(executor) {
    // 默认状态为 PENDING
    this.status = PENDING;
    // 存放成功状态的值,默认为 undefined
    this.value = undefined;
    // 存放失败状态的值,默认为 undefined
    this.reason = undefined;

    // 调用此方法就是成功
    let resolve = (value) => {
      // 状态为 PENDING 时才可以更新状态,防止 executor 中调用了两次 resovle/reject 方法
      if (this.status === PENDING) {
        this.status = FULFILLED;
        this.value = value;
      }
    };

    // 调用此方法就是失败
    let reject = (reason) => {
      // 状态为 PENDING 时才可以更新状态,防止 executor 中调用了两次 resovle/reject 方法
      if (this.status === PENDING) {
        this.status = REJECTED;
        this.reason = reason;
      }
    };

    try {
      // 立即执行,将 resolve 和 reject 函数传给使用者
      executor(resolve, reject);
    } catch (error) {
      // 发生异常时执行失败逻辑
      reject(error);
    }
  }

  // 包含一个 then 方法,并接收两个参数 onFulfilled、onRejected
  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
      onFulfilled(this.value);
    }

    if (this.status === REJECTED) {
      onRejected(this.reason);
    }
  }
}

调用一下:

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve('成功');
}).then(
  (data) => {
    console.log('success', data)
  },
  (err) => {
    console.log('faild', err)
  }
)

这个时候我们很开心,但是别开心的太早,promise 是为了处理异步任务的,我们来试试异步任务好不好使:

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  // 传入一个异步操作
  setTimeout(() => {
    resolve('成功');
  },1000);
}).then(
  (data) => {
    console.log('success', data)
  },
  (err) => {
    console.log('faild', err)
  }
)

发现没有任何输出,我们来分析一下为什么:

new Promise 执行的时候,这时候异步任务开始了,接下来直接执行 .then 函数,then函数里的状态目前还是 padding,所以就什么也没执行。

那么我们想想应该怎么改呢?

我们想要做的就是,当异步函数执行完后,也就是触发 resolve 的时候,再去触发 .then 函数执行并把 resolve 的参数传给 then。

这就是典型的发布订阅的模式,可以看我这篇文章。

const PENDING = 'PENDING';
const FULFILLED = 'FULFILLED';
const REJECTED = 'REJECTED';

class Promise {
  constructor(executor) {
    this.status = PENDING;
    this.value = undefined;
    this.reason = undefined;
    // 存放成功的回调
    this.onResolvedCallbacks = [];
    // 存放失败的回调
    this.onRejectedCallbacks= [];

    let resolve = (value) => {
      if(this.status ===  PENDING) {
        this.status = FULFILLED;
        this.value = value;
        // 依次将对应的函数执行
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
      }
    } 

    let reject = (reason) => {
      if(this.status ===  PENDING) {
        this.status = REJECTED;
        this.reason = reason;
        // 依次将对应的函数执行
        this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
      }
    }

    try {
      executor(resolve,reject)
    } catch (error) {
      reject(error)
    }
  }

  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
      onFulfilled(this.value)
    }

    if (this.status === REJECTED) {
      onRejected(this.reason)
    }

    if (this.status === PENDING) {
      // 如果promise的状态是 pending,需要将 onFulfilled 和 onRejected 函数存放起来,等待状态确定后,再依次将对应的函数执行
      this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(() => {
        onFulfilled(this.value)
      });

      // 如果promise的状态是 pending,需要将 onFulfilled 和 onRejected 函数存放起来,等待状态确定后,再依次将对应的函数执行
      this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(()=> {
        onRejected(this.reason);
      })
    }
  }
}

这下再进行测试:

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    resolve('成功');
  },1000);
}).then(
  (data) => {
    console.log('success', data)
  },
  (err) => {
    console.log('faild', err)
  }
)

1s 后输出了:

说明成功啦

then的链式调用

这里就不分析细节了,大体思路就是每次 .then 的时候重新创建一个 promise 对象并返回 promise,这样下一个 then 就能拿到前一个 then 返回的 promise 了。

const PENDING = 'PENDING';
const FULFILLED = 'FULFILLED';
const REJECTED = 'REJECTED';

const resolvePromise = (promise2, x, resolve, reject) => {
  // 自己等待自己完成是错误的实现,用一个类型错误,结束掉 promise  Promise/A+ 2.3.1
  if (promise2 === x) { 
    return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>'))
  }
  // Promise/A+ 2.3.3.3.3 只能调用一次
  let called;
  // 后续的条件要严格判断 保证代码能和别的库一起使用
  if ((typeof x === 'object' && x != null) || typeof x === 'function') { 
    try {
      // 为了判断 resolve 过的就不用再 reject 了(比如 reject 和 resolve 同时调用的时候)  Promise/A+ 2.3.3.1
      let then = x.then;
      if (typeof then === 'function') { 
        // 不要写成 x.then,直接 then.call 就可以了 因为 x.then 会再次取值,Object.defineProperty  Promise/A+ 2.3.3.3
        then.call(x, y => { // 根据 promise 的状态决定是成功还是失败
          if (called) return;
          called = true;
          // 递归解析的过程(因为可能 promise 中还有 promise) Promise/A+ 2.3.3.3.1
          resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject); 
        }, r => {
          // 只要失败就失败 Promise/A+ 2.3.3.3.2
          if (called) return;
          called = true;
          reject(r);
        });
      } else {
        // 如果 x.then 是个普通值就直接返回 resolve 作为结果  Promise/A+ 2.3.3.4
        resolve(x);
      }
    } catch (e) {
      // Promise/A+ 2.3.3.2
      if (called) return;
      called = true;
      reject(e)
    }
  } else {
    // 如果 x 是个普通值就直接返回 resolve 作为结果  Promise/A+ 2.3.4  
    resolve(x)
  }
}

class Promise {
  constructor(executor) {
    this.status = PENDING;
    this.value = undefined;
    this.reason = undefined;
    this.onResolvedCallbacks = [];
    this.onRejectedCallbacks= [];

    let resolve = (value) => {
      if(this.status ===  PENDING) {
        this.status = FULFILLED;
        this.value = value;
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
      }
    } 

    let reject = (reason) => {
      if(this.status ===  PENDING) {
        this.status = REJECTED;
        this.reason = reason;
        this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
      }
    }

    try {
      executor(resolve,reject)
    } catch (error) {
      reject(error)
    }
  }

  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    //解决 onFufilled,onRejected 没有传值的问题
    //Promise/A+ 2.2.1 / Promise/A+ 2.2.5 / Promise/A+ 2.2.7.3 / Promise/A+ 2.2.7.4
    onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : v => v;
    //因为错误的值要让后面访问到,所以这里也要跑出个错误,不然会在之后 then 的 resolve 中捕获
    onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : err => { throw err };
    // 每次调用 then 都返回一个新的 promise  Promise/A+ 2.2.7
    let promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
        //Promise/A+ 2.2.2
        //Promise/A+ 2.2.4 --- setTimeout
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            //Promise/A+ 2.2.7.1
            let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
            // x可能是一个proimise
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            //Promise/A+ 2.2.7.2
            reject(e)
          }
        }, 0);
      }

      if (this.status === REJECTED) {
        //Promise/A+ 2.2.3
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            let x = onRejected(this.reason);
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e)
          }
        }, 0);
      }

      if (this.status === PENDING) {
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(() => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            try {
              let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e)
            }
          }, 0);
        });

        this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(()=> {
          setTimeout(() => {
            try {
              let x = onRejected(this.reason);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject)
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e)
            }
          }, 0);
        });
      }
    });

    return promise2;
  }
}

Promise.all

核心就是有一个失败则失败,全成功才进行 resolve

Promise.all = function(values) {
  if (!Array.isArray(values)) {
    const type = typeof values;
    return new TypeError(`TypeError: ${type} ${values} is not iterable`)
  }
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    let resultArr = [];
    let orderIndex = 0;
    const processResultByKey = (value, index) => {
      resultArr[index] = value;
      if (++orderIndex === values.length) {
          resolve(resultArr)
      }
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
      let value = values[i];
      if (value && typeof value.then === 'function') {
        value.then((value) => {
          processResultByKey(value, i);
        }, reject);
      } else {
        processResultByKey(value, i);
      }
    }
  });
}