SpringBoot结合JWT实现用户登录、注册、鉴权

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2023-05-26
一文带你你搞懂Java的3种IO模型
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标签   SpringBoot
目录
  • 一、用户注册与登录
  • 二、用户鉴权
用户登录、注册及鉴权是我们基本所有系统必备的，也是很核心重要的一块，这一块的安全性等都比较重要，实现的方案其实也有几种，从以前的cookie+session的方案，到现在常用的jwt的方案，这篇文章就讲讲目前在公司中最常用的jwt方案如何实现。

一、用户注册与登录

完成用户注册与登录有个核心点就是密码的加密与验证，我们目前比较常用的方案是密码+盐再采用MD5加密的方案，

盐的方式一般可以在application.yml里面写死，但安全性相对较差，还有就是通过UUID生成存到数据库里，这里我们采用第二种安全性更高的方式。

sql如下：

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `salt` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `admin` int(1) DEFAULT '0',
  `age` int(3) NOT NULL,
  `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `update_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `deleted` int(1) DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

对应的User实体类

domian.entity.User:

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.FieldFill;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableField;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.util.Date;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
@TableName("user")
public class User {
    @TableId
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String salt;
    private Boolean admin;
    private Integer age;
    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT)
    private Date createTime;
    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT_UPDATE)
    private Date updateTime;
    private Integer deleted;
}

这里我们使用了Mybatis Plus的逻辑删除及自动填充功能，不太清楚的可以看看我的文章SpringBoot 整合 Mybatis Plus 实现基本CRUD功能

接收用户注册信息的DTO

domain.dto.registryUserDto:

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.UUID;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class registryUserDto {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    @JsonIgnore
    private String salt = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "");
    private Boolean admin;
    private Integer age;
}

@JsonIgnore为忽略前端的传值，这里使用我们UUID生成的值。

用户登录的DTO

domain.dto.LoginUserDto:

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class LoginUserDto {
    private String username;
    private String password;
}

用户注册与登录的controller:

controller.UserController:

import com.jk.domain.dto.registryUserDto;
import com.jk.domain.dto.LoginUserDto;
import com.jk.service.UserService;
import com.jk.domain.vo.ResponseResult;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    @PostMapping("/registry")
    public ResponseResult registryUser(@RequestBody registryUserDto registryUserDto) {
        return userService.registryUser(registryUserDto);
    }
    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseResult login(@RequestBody LoginUserDto loginUserDto) {
        return userService.login(loginUserDto);
    }
}

用户注册与登录的service:

service.UserService:

import com.jk.domain.dto.registryUserDto;
import com.jk.domain.dto.LoginUserDto;
import com.jk.domain.vo.ResponseResult;
public interface UserService {
    ResponseResult registryUser(registryUserDto registryUserDto);
    ResponseResult login(LoginUserDto loginUserDto);
}

用户注册与登录的service实现类:

service.impl.UserServiceImpl:

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.LambdaQueryWrapper;
import com.jk.domain.dto.registryUserDto;
import com.jk.domain.dto.LoginUserDto;
import com.jk.domain.entity.User;
import com.jk.enums.AppHttpCodeEnum;
import com.jk.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.jk.service.UserService;
import com.jk.domain.vo.ResponseResult;
import com.jk.utils.BeanCopyUtils;
import com.jk.utils.JwtUtils;
import com.jk.utils.RedisCache;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.DigestUtils;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;
    @Autowired
    private RedisCache redisCache;
    @Override
    public ResponseResult registryUser(registryUserDto registryUserDto) {
        String password = registryUserDto.getPassword();
        String salt = registryUserDto.getSalt();
        String md5Password = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex((password + salt).getBytes());
        registryUserDto.setPassword(md5Password);
        User user = BeanCopyUtils.copyBean(registryUserDto, User.class);
        userMapper.insert(user);
        return ResponseResult.okResult();
    }
    @Override
    public ResponseResult login(LoginUserDto loginUserDto) {
        String username = loginUserDto.getUsername();
        String password = loginUserDto.getPassword();
        LambdaQueryWrapper<User> queryWrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();
        queryWrapper.eq(User::getUsername, username);
        User user = userMapper.selectOne(queryWrapper);
        String md5Password = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex((password + user.getSalt()).getBytes());
        if (!md5Password.equals(user.getPassword())) {
            return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.LOGIN_ERROR);
        }
        String token = JwtUtils.createToken(user.getId());
        redisCache.setCacheObject("TOKEN_" + token, JSON.toJSONString(user), 1, TimeUnit.DAYS);
        return ResponseResult.okResult(token);
    }
}

用户注册时，我们把密码+salt进行MD5加密，然后入库，用户登录时，根据username查出用户，再把用户传入的密码+salt进行MD5加密与数据库查出的用户进行密码比较判断是否验证通过。这里还有使用到一个JWT工具类，验证通过后使用JWT工具类生成token和用户信息存到redis里面，这里需要引入下fastjson来对用户信息字符串化存，然后返回前端token。

具体JWT使用如下：

  • 首先引入fastjson和jwt的依赖包
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
  <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
  <version>2.0.26</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
  <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
  <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
  • JWT工具类的封装

utils.JwtUtils:

import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwt;
import io.jsonwebtoken.JwtBuilder;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class JwtUtils {
    private static final String jwtToken = "1234567890p[]l;'";
    public static String createToken(Long userId) {
        Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
        claims.put("userId", userId);
        JwtBuilder jwtBuilder = Jwts.builder()
                // 设置有效载荷
                .setClaims(claims)
                // 设置签发时间
                .setIssuedAt(new Date())
                // 设置过期时间
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 24 * 60 * 60 * 60 * 1000))
                // 采用HS256方式签名，key就是用来签名的秘钥
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, jwtToken);
        String token = jwtBuilder.compact();
        return token;
    }
    public static Map<String, Object> checkToken(String token) {
        try {
            Jwt parse = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(jwtToken).parse(token);
            return (Map<String, Object>) parse.getBody();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }
}

到此我们已经完成了用户的注册和登录功能。但还有一个问题就是用户鉴权，我们在调用其他接口时如何判断用户是否已登录。

二、用户鉴权

用户鉴权我们需要用到ThreadLocal来存储用户信息，我们首先创建这个工具类

utils.UserThreadLocal:

import com.jk.domain.entity.User;
public class UserThreadLocal {
    private UserThreadLocal() {
    }
    private static final ThreadLocal<User> LOCAL = new ThreadLocal<>();
    public static void put(User user) {
        LOCAL.set(user);
    }
    public static User get() {
        return LOCAL.get();
    }
    public static void remove() {
        LOCAL.remove();
    }
}

还需要在service中实现验证token的逻辑

service.UserService:

User checkToken(String token);

service.impl.UserServiceImpl:

@Override
public User checkToken(String token) {
    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) {
        return null;
    }
    Map<String, Object> map = JwtUtils.checkToken(token);
    if (map == null) {
        return null;
    }
    String userJson =  redisCache.getCacheObject("TOKEN_" + token);
    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(userJson)) {
        return null;
    }
    User user = JSON.parseObject(userJson, User.class);
    return user;
}

使用拦截器实现token验证

handler.interceptor.LoginInterceptor:

import com.jk.domain.entity.User;
import com.jk.enums.AppHttpCodeEnum;
import com.jk.exception.SystemException;
import com.jk.service.UserService;
import com.jk.utils.UserThreadLocal;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@Component
@Slf4j
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        if (!(handler instanceof HandlerMethod)) {
            return true;
        }
        String token = request.getHeader("token");
        log.info("===============request start===============");
        log.info("request uri:{}", request.getRequestURI());
        log.info("request method:{}", request.getMethod());
        log.info("token:{}", token);
        log.info("===============request end===============");
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) {
            throw new SystemException(AppHttpCodeEnum.NEED_LOGIN);
        }
        User user = userService.checkToken(token);
        if (user == null) {
            throw new SystemException(AppHttpCodeEnum.NEED_LOGIN);
        }
        UserThreadLocal.put(user);
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        UserThreadLocal.remove();
    }
}

配置WebMvcConfigurer使用登录拦截器

import com.jk.handler.interceptor.LoginInterceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Autowired
    private LoginInterceptor loginInterceptor;
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(loginInterceptor)
                .addPathPatterns("/web/**")
                .addPathPatterns("/admin/**");
    }
}

会对/web及/admin的所有接口做登录验证，这个大家根据自己项目需求调整。

一文带你你搞懂Java的3种IO模型
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Java NIO 文件通道 FileChannel 用法
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