本篇要点
- Spring Data REST的基本介绍。
- SpringBoot快速构建restful风格接口。
Spring Data REST概述
REST Web服务已经成为Web上应用程序集成的第一大手段。 REST的核心是定义一个包含与客户端进行交互资源的系统。 这些资源以超媒体驱动的方式实现。
Spring MVC和Spring WebFlux各自提供了构建REST服务的坚实基础。 但是,即使为multi-domain
对象系统实现最简单的REST Web服务原则也可能很繁琐,并且会导致大量样板代码。
Spring Data REST旨在解决这个问题,它建立在Spring Data存储库之上,并自动将其导出为REST资源,客户端可以轻松查询并调用存储库本身暴露出来的接口。
SpringBoot快速构建restful风格接口
SpringBoot构建Spring Data REST
是相当方便的,因为自动化配置的存在,spring-boot-starter-data-rest
可以让你不需要写多少代码,就能轻松构建一套完整的rest应用。
除此之外,你需要引入数据存储的依赖,它支持SpringData JPA、Spring Data MongoDB等,这里就使用JPA啦。正好我们在上一篇介绍过JPA的简单使用:SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA
创建项目,导入依赖
<!--jpa-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--restful-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
yml配置
server:
port: 8081
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/restful?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
username: root
password: 123456
hikari:
maximum-pool-size: 20
minimum-idle: 5
jpa:
database: mysql
#在建表的时候,将默认的存储引擎切换为 InnoDB
database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
# 配置在日志中打印出执行的 SQL 语句信息。
show-sql: true
# 配置指明在程序启动的时候要删除并且创建实体类对应的表。
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
定义实体类
@Entity(name = "t_user")
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String username;
private String password;
@Column(length = 20)
private Integer age;
}
定义Repository接口
public interface UserDao extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
}
到这里为止,其实可以发现,和JPA文章没啥差异,除了多引入了一个rest依赖。ok,启动项目,先把表生成了再说。
启动项目,我们就会发现JPA已经为我们将表结构创建完成,并且,一个基于Restful风格的增删改查应用也已诞生,我们可以使用接口测试工具,进行测试。
测试Restful接口
默认的请求路径是 类名首字母小写+后缀s,这里就是users。
测试添加功能
POST: http://localhost:8081/users
{
"username": "summerday",
"password": "123456",
"age": 18
}
添加成功之后,返回信息如下:
{
"username": "summerday",
"password": "123456",
"age": 18,
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/1"
},
"user": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/1"
}
}
}
测试删除功能
DELETE : http://localhost:8081/users/1
// 删除成功之后返回删除的 id = 1
测试修改功能
PUT : http://localhost:8081/users/2
{
"username": "summerday111",
"password": "123456111",
"age": 181
}
同样的,修改成功,将对应id为2的信息改为传入信息,并返回更新后的信息。
{
"username": "summerday111",
"password": "123456111",
"age": 181,
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/2"
},
"user": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/2"
}
}
}
测试根据id查询
GET : http://localhost:8081/users/3
测试分页查询
GET : http://localhost:8081/users
分页查询结果:
{
"_embedded": {
"users": [
{
"username": "summerday111",
"password": "123456111",
"age": 181,
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/2"
},
"user": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/2"
}
}
},
{
"username": "summerday",
"password": "123456",
"age": 18,
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/3"
},
"user": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/3"
}
}
}
]
},
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users"
},
"profile": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/profile/users"
}
},
"page": {
"size": 20,
"totalElements": 2,
"totalPages": 1,
"number": 0
}
}
测试分页+排序
GET : http://localhost:8081/users?page=0&size=1&sort=age,desc
第一页,每页size为1的记录,按age逆序。
{
"_embedded": {
"users": [
{
"username": "summerday111",
"password": "123456111",
"age": 181,
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/2"
},
"user": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/2"
}
}
}
]
},
"_links": {
"first": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users?page=0&size=1&sort=age,desc"
},
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users?page=0&size=1&sort=age,desc"
},
"next": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users?page=1&size=1&sort=age,desc"
},
"last": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users?page=1&size=1&sort=age,desc"
},
"profile": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/profile/users"
}
},
"page": {
"size": 1,
"totalElements": 2,
"totalPages": 2,
"number": 0
}
}
定制查询
自定义查询接口
public interface UserDao extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
List<User> findUsersByUsernameContaining(@Param("username")String username);
}
访问:http://localhost:8081/users/search
,查询自定义接口。
{
"_links": {
"findUsersByUsernameContaining": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/search/findUsersByUsernameContaining{?username}",
"templated": true
},
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/search"
}
}
}
测试一下这个方法:
GET : http://localhost:8081/users/search/findUsersByUsernameContaining?username=111
{
"_embedded": {
"users": [
{
"username": "summerday111",
"password": "123456111",
"age": 181,
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/2"
},
"user": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/2"
}
}
}
]
},
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/search/findUsersByUsernameContaining?username=111"
}
}
}
自定义接口名
public interface UserDao extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
//rel 表示接口查询中,这个方法的 key
//path 表示请求路径
@RestResource(rel = "auth", path = "auth")
User findByUsernameAndPassword(@Param("name") String username, @Param("pswd") String password);
}
继续查询自定义的接口:
"auth": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/users/search/auth{?name,pswd}",
"templated": true
}
测试一下:
GET : http://localhost:8081/users/search/auth?name=summerday&pswd=123456
设置接口对前端隐藏
@Override
@RestResource(exported = false)
void deleteById(Long aLong);
定义生成JSON字符串的相关信息
@RepositoryRestResource(collectionResourceRel = "userList",itemResourceRel = "u",path = "user")
public interface UserDao extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
}
此时路径名为/user
:
GET : http://localhost:8081/user/2
{
"username": "summerday111",
"password": "123456111",
"age": 181,
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/user/2"
},
"u": {
"href": "http://localhost:8081/user/2"
}
}
}
其他配置属性
Spring Data REST其他可配置的属性,通过spring.data.rest.basePath=/v1
的形式指定。
the root URI