利用Python实现绘制论文中的曲线图

Python
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2023-04-20
标签   Python实践
目录
  • 1.折线图 plt.plot()
  • 2.实际案例
  • 3.颜色补充

1.折线图 plt.plot()

常用的一些参数:

颜色(color):

  • ‘c’ 青红(cyan)
  • ‘r’ 红色(red)
  • ‘m’ 品红(magente)
  • ‘g’ 绿色(green)
  • ‘y’ 黄色(yellow)
  • ‘k’ 黑色(black)
  • ‘w’ 白色(white)
  • ‘b’ 蓝色(blue)

折线形式(linestyle):

  • ‘-’ 实线
  • ‘–’ 虚线
  • ‘-.’ 点划线
  • ‘:’ 点线

拐点形状(marker):

  • ‘h’ 六边形
  • ‘H’ 六边形(跟h不同)
  • ‘^’ 三角形(尖端向上)
  • ‘>’ 三角形(尖端向右)
  • ‘<’ 三角形(尖端向左)
  • ‘*’ 五角星
  • ‘+’ 加号
  • ‘-’ 减号
  • ‘d’ 菱形
  • ‘D’ 菱形(跟d不同)
  • ‘p’ 五边型
  • ‘o’ 圆圈

使用举例:

# 红色-虚线-五角星-线粗细为2
plt.plot(x, y, color='r', linestyle='--', marker='*', linewidth=2)

2.实际案例

import matplotlib
import numpy as np
from  matplotlib import pyplot as plt

# matplotlib画图中中文显示会有问题,需要这两行设置默认字体.没中文可以去掉
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

# 输入数据
x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[2,4,6,7,8]

#数据及线属性
plt.plot(x, y, color='r', linestyle='--', marker='*', linewidth=2)
#标题设置
plt.title('图标名称')
plt.xlabel('x轴标题')
plt.ylabel('y轴标题')

# plt.grid(True)  # 这句用来显示网格
plt.show()

3.颜色补充

颜色大全 (使用时输入前面的颜色名字或者后面的字母 都可)

'aliceblue':      '#F0F8FF',
'antiquewhite':    '#FAEBD7',
'aqua':        '#00FFFF',
'aquamarine':     '#7FFFD4',
'azure':        '#F0FFFF',
'beige':        '#F5F5DC',
'bisque':       '#FFE4C4',
'black':        '#000000',
'blanchedalmond':   '#FFEBCD',
'blue':        '#0000FF',
'blueviolet':     '#8A2BE2',
'brown':        '#A52A2A',
'burlywood':      '#DEB887',
'cadetblue':      '#5F9EA0',
'chartreuse':     '#7FFF00',
'chocolate':      '#D2691E',
'coral':        '#FF7F50',
'cornflowerblue':   '#6495ED',
'cornsilk':      '#FFF8DC',
'crimson':       '#DC143C',
'cyan':        '#00FFFF',
'darkblue':      '#00008B',
'darkcyan':      '#008B8B',
'darkgoldenrod':    '#B8860B',
'darkgray':      '#A9A9A9',
'darkgreen':      '#006400',
'darkkhaki':      '#BDB76B',
'darkmagenta':     '#8B008B',
'darkolivegreen':   '#556B2F',
'darkorange':     '#FF8C00',
'darkorchid':     '#9932CC',
'darkred':       '#8B0000',
'darksalmon':     '#E9967A',
'darkseagreen':    '#8FBC8F',
'darkslateblue':    '#483D8B',
'darkslategray':    '#2F4F4F',
'darkturquoise':    '#00CED1',
'darkviolet':     '#9400D3',
'deeppink':      '#FF1493',
'deepskyblue':     '#00BFFF',
'dimgray':       '#696969',
'dodgerblue':     '#1E90FF',
'firebrick':      '#B22222',
'floralwhite':     '#FFFAF0',
'forestgreen':     '#228B22',
'fuchsia':       '#FF00FF',
'gainsboro':      '#DCDCDC',
'ghostwhite':     '#F8F8FF',
'gold':        '#FFD700',
'goldenrod':      '#DAA520',
'gray':        '#808080',
'green':        '#008000',
'greenyellow':     '#ADFF2F',
'honeydew':      '#F0FFF0',
'hotpink':       '#FF69B4',
'indianred':      '#CD5C5C',
'indigo':       '#4B0082',
'ivory':        '#FFFFF0',
'khaki':        '#F0E68C',
'lavender':      '#E6E6FA',
'lavenderblush':    '#FFF0F5',
'lawngreen':      '#7CFC00',
'lemonchiffon':    '#FFFACD',
'lightblue':      '#ADD8E6',
'lightcoral':     '#F08080',
'lightcyan':      '#E0FFFF',
'lightgoldenrodyellow': '#FAFAD2',
'lightgreen':     '#90EE90',
'lightgray':      '#D3D3D3',
'lightpink':      '#FFB6C1',
'lightsalmon':     '#FFA07A',
'lightseagreen':    '#20B2AA',
'lightskyblue':    '#87CEFA',
'lightslategray':   '#778899',
'lightsteelblue':   '#B0C4DE',
'lightyellow':     '#FFFFE0',
'lime':        '#00FF00',
'limegreen':      '#32CD32',
'linen':        '#FAF0E6',
'magenta':       '#FF00FF',
'maroon':       '#800000',
'mediumaquamarine':  '#66CDAA',
'mediumblue':     '#0000CD',
'mediumorchid':    '#BA55D3',
'mediumpurple':    '#9370DB',
'mediumseagreen':   '#3CB371',
'mediumslateblue':   '#7B68EE',
'mediumspringgreen':  '#00FA9A',
'mediumturquoise':   '#48D1CC',
'mediumvioletred':   '#C71585',
'midnightblue':    '#191970',
'mintcream':      '#F5FFFA',
'mistyrose':      '#FFE4E1',
'moccasin':      '#FFE4B5',
'navajowhite':     '#FFDEAD',
'navy':        '#000080',
'oldlace':       '#FDF5E6',
'olive':        '#808000',
'olivedrab':      '#6B8E23',
'orange':       '#FFA500',
'orangered':      '#FF4500',
'orchid':       '#DA70D6',
'palegoldenrod':    '#EEE8AA',
'palegreen':      '#98FB98',
'paleturquoise':    '#AFEEEE',
'palevioletred':    '#DB7093',
'papayawhip':     '#FFEFD5',
'peachpuff':      '#FFDAB9',
'peru':        '#CD853F',
'pink':        '#FFC0CB',
'plum':        '#DDA0DD',
'powderblue':     '#B0E0E6',
'purple':       '#800080',
'red':         '#FF0000',
'rosybrown':      '#BC8F8F',
'royalblue':      '#4169E1',
'saddlebrown':     '#8B4513',
'salmon':       '#FA8072',
'sandybrown':     '#FAA460',
'seagreen':      '#2E8B57',
'seashell':      '#FFF5EE',
'sienna':       '#A0522D',
'silver':       '#C0C0C0',
'skyblue':       '#87CEEB',
'slateblue':      '#6A5ACD',
'slategray':      '#708090',
'snow':        '#FFFAFA',
'springgreen':     '#00FF7F',
'steelblue':      '#4682B4',
'tan':         '#D2B48C',
'teal':        '#008080',
'thistle':       '#D8BFD8',
'tomato':       '#FF6347',
'turquoise':      '#40E0D0',
'violet':       '#EE82EE',
'wheat':        '#F5DEB3',
'white':        '#FFFFFF',
'whitesmoke':     '#F5F5F5',
'yellow':       '#FFFF00',
'yellowgreen':     '#9ACD32'